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Economic research into regional planning in Mexico and the promotion of the economic development of developing areas by 'integrated river basin investment projects' - examines political aspects, industrialization, annual growth rate of gross national product, population trends, covers agricultural production and animal production, the development of natural resources and includes an evaluation of government policies and a case study of the tepalcatepec project. Maps, references and statistical tables.
In the 1930s and 1940s, rural reformers in the United States and Mexico waged unprecedented campaigns to remake their countrysides in the name of agrarian justice and agricultural productivity. Agrarian Crossings tells the story of how these campaigns were conducted in dialogue with one another as reformers in each nation came to exchange models, plans, and strategies with their equivalents across the border. Dismantling the artificial boundaries that can divide American and Latin American history, Tore Olsson shows how the agrarian histories of both regions share far more than we realize. He traces the connections between the US South and the plantation zones of Mexico, places that suffered parallel problems of environmental decline, rural poverty, and gross inequities in land tenure. Bringing this tumultuous era vividly to life, he describes how Roosevelt’s New Deal drew on Mexican revolutionary agrarianism to shape its program for the rural South. Olsson also looks at how the US South served as the domestic laboratory for the Rockefeller Foundation’s “green revolution” in Mexico—which would become the most important Third World development campaign of the twentieth century—and how the Mexican government attempted to replicate the hydraulic development of the Tennessee Valley Authority after World War II. Rather than a comparative history, Agrarian Crossings is an innovative history of comparisons and the ways they affected policy, moved people, and reshaped the landscape.
First Published in 2011. Latin America today is similar to Canada in the early 1900s-a sleeping giant, basically underpopulated, whose potential rests on the exploitation of enormous land, forest, mineral, and water reserves. This study, carried out over the period 1967-69, has involved travel throughout much of Latin America north of the Tropic of Capricorn and discussions with people in many different fields, including highway construction, forestry, colonization, and agricultural industries in the forest frontier regions and capital cities of the continent. The collection of data required about twelve months of the author in the field.
This volume is concerned with integrated social and economic development in the Third World. It directs special attention to the psychological manipulation of peasants in order to keep them on the land and, where possible, make them more productive. In Part One, Henry Bernstein outlines and illustrates concepts for the analysis of contemporary peasantries. His introduction provides a general, historical framework for understanding the relationship of contemporary peasantries to "modernization." It is followed, in Parts Two and Three, by case studies of programs in Colombia (Rosemary E. Galli), Mexico (Hannes Lorenzen and Ernest Feder), Tanzania (Bruno Musti de Gennaro), and Bangladesh (Elizabeth Hartmann and James K. Boyce). In Part Four, Rosemary Galli offers a concluding essay on "Rural Development and the Contradiction of Capitalist Development." In this book, empirical evidence combines with personal experiences to cut through the rhetoric of those who consider "the underdeveloped nation" as an abstract unit. It reveals the variety of contemporary rural development strategies. From their synthesis emerges a picture of the internal political configuration of underdevelopment—the role of international capital and technology in rural areas and in assessment of the impact upon peasant farmers. This book persuasively argues that international agencies, supporting and supported by national governments and elites, promote development policies inimical to the welfare of rural cultivators.
Robert McNamara is best known for his key role in the escalation of the Vietnam War as U.S. secretary of defense under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. The familiar story begins with the brilliant young executive transforming Ford Motor Company, followed by his rise to political power under Kennedy, and culminating in his downfall after eight years of failed military policies. Many believe McNamara's fall from grace after Vietnam marked the end of his career. They were wrong. In Robert McNamara's Other War, Patrick Allan Sharma reveals the previously untold story of what happened next. As president of the World Bank from 1968 to 1981, McNamara changed the way many people thought about international development by shifting the World Bank's focus to poverty alleviation. Though his efforts to redeem himself after his failures in Vietnam were well-intentioned, Sharma argues, his expansion of the World Bank's agenda contributed to a decline in the quality of its activities. McNamara's policies at the Bank also helped lay the groundwork for the economic crises that have plagued the developing world during the past three decades. Not only has Sharma crafted an engaging chronicle of one of the most enigmatic figures in modern American history; he has also produced one of the first detailed histories of the World Bank. He mines previously unstudied Bank documents that have only recently become available to researchers as well as material from archives on three continents. Sharma's extensive research shows that McNamara's influence extended well beyond Vietnam and that his World Bank years may be his most enduring legacy.
Although national governments and international agencies have committed vast sums of money to development, many projects have not only failed to improve the lives of the poor but in some cases have created additional social and economic problems. Such failures can often be traced to an inadequate understanding of the socio-cultural reality of the people most directly affected and to a lack of their participation in project planning, implementation, and evaluation. In this collection of essays, scholars and practitioners from diverse disciplines examine many of the perplexing social issues of development planning from the perspective of social impact analysis. Drawing on national, regional, and local case studies, the authors demonstrate why sociocultural factors are seldom adequately understood and discuss how they can be effectively incorporated into the planning process.
Itineraries of Expertise contends that experts and expertise played fundamental roles in the Latin American Cold War. While traditional Cold War histories of the region have examined diplomatic, intelligence, and military operations and more recent studies have probed the cultural dimensions of the conflict, the experts who constitute the focus of this volume escaped these categories. Although they often portrayed themselves as removed from politics, their work contributed to the key geopolitical agendas of the day. The paths traveled by the experts in this volume not only traversed Latin America and connected Latin America to the Global North, they also stretch traditional chronologies of the Latin American Cold War to show how local experts in the early twentieth century laid the foundation for post–World War II development projects, and how Cold War knowledge of science, technology, and the environment continues to impact our world today. These essays unite environmental history and the history of science and technology to argue for the importance of expertise in the Latin American Cold War.