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Complete Sinawali is the definitive guide to the intricate and highly-refined Filipino martial art of double-weapon fighting. The warriors of the Philippines have long been respected as fierce, courageous, and effective fighters, and the martial art of Sinawali has developed multiple-weapon fighting to an exceptionally high degree of sophistication. Preserved in Filipino dance as well as martial form, Sinawali employs sinuous, polyrhythmic movements, creating an almost impenetrable shield against attack. In Complete Sinawali, Filipino martial artist Reynaldo Galang details the theory behind the forms and presents an orderly progression of drills designed to teach ambidexterity, quick and exact footwork, and special hand techniques that are the foundation of this exceedingly powerful martial art. Chapters include: The Origin of Sinawali The Fighting Arts of Bakbakan International Bakbakan Training Structure Stances and Footwork Warm-up Exercises Lakbay Sinawali: The Central Form of Sinawali Dakip-Diwa Laban-Sanay (Free-Style Sparring) Whether readers are interested in Sinawali for exercise, hobby, or as a means of self-defense, Complete Sinawali is their definitive guide.
Advances the theoretical understanding of the behaviour of entrepreneurial minorities and draws a vivid picture of how various imperial powers came to rely on local entreprenuerial minorities to establish their hegemony in Asia.
This groundbreaking book presents the first full history of the Manila galleons, which marked the true beginning of a global economy. Arturo Giraldez, the world’s leading scholar of the galleons, traces the rise of the maritime route, which began with the founding of the city of Manila in 1571 and ended in 1815 when the last galleon left the port of Acapulco in New Spain (Mexico) for the Philippines, establishing a permanent connection between the Spanish empire in America with Asian countries, most importantly China, the main supplier of commodities during that era. Throughout the two-and-a-half-century history of the Manila galleons, the strategic commodity fuelling global networks was always silver. Giraldez shows how this most important of precious metals shaped world history, with influences that stretch to the present.
After defeating the Philippine Republic's conventional forces in 1899, the U.S. Army was broken up into small garrisons to prepare Luzon for colonial rule. The Filipino nationalists transformed their resistance into a guerrilla warfare that varied so grea