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This self-contained monograph traces the evolution of the limit–point/limit–circle problem from its 1910 inception, in a paper by Hermann Weyl, to its modern-day extensions to the asymptotic analysis of nonlinear differential equations. The authors distill the classical theorems in the linear case and carefully map the progress from linear to nonlinear limit–point results. The relationship between the limit–point/limit–circle properties and the boundedness, oscillation, and convergence of solutions is explored, and in the final chapter, the connection between limit–point/limit–circle problems and spectral theory is examined in detail. With over 120 references, many open problems, and illustrative examples, this work will be valuable to graduate students and researchers in differential equations, functional analysis, operator theory, and related fields.
The limit-point/limit-circle problem had its beginnings more than 100 years ago with the publication of Hermann Weyl's classic paper in Mathematische Annalen in 1910 on linear differential equations. This concept was extended to second-order nonlinear equations in the late 1970's and later, to higher order nonlinear equations. This monograph traces the development of what is known as the strong nonlinear limit-point and limit-circle properties of solutions. In addition to bringing together all such results into one place, some new directions that the study has taken as well as some open problems for future research are indicated.
This self-contained monograph traces the evolution of the limit–point/limit–circle problem from its 1910 inception, in a paper by Hermann Weyl, to its modern-day extensions to the asymptotic analysis of nonlinear differential equations. The authors distill the classical theorems in the linear case and carefully map the progress from linear to nonlinear limit–point results. The relationship between the limit–point/limit–circle properties and the boundedness, oscillation, and convergence of solutions is explored, and in the final chapter, the connection between limit–point/limit–circle problems and spectral theory is examined in detail. With over 120 references, many open problems, and illustrative examples, this work will be valuable to graduate students and researchers in differential equations, functional analysis, operator theory, and related fields.
Spectral Theory of Differential Operators
Boundary value problems on bounded or unbounded intervals, involving two or more coupled systems of nonlinear differential and integral equations with full nonlinearities, are scarce in the literature. The present work by the authors desires to fill this gap. The systems covered here include differential and integral equations of Hammerstein-type with boundary constraints, on bounded or unbounded intervals. These are presented in several forms and conditions (three points, mixed, with functional dependence, homoclinic and heteroclinic, amongst others). This would be the first time that differential and integral coupled systems are studied systematically. The existence, and in some cases, the localization of the solutions are carried out in Banach space, following several types of arguments and approaches such as Schauder's fixed-point theorem or Guo-Krasnosel'ski? fixed-point theorem in cones, allied to Green's function or its estimates, lower and upper solutions, convenient truncatures, the Nagumo condition presented in different forms, the concept of equiconvergence, Carathéodory functions, and sequences. Moreover, the final part in the volume features some techniques on how to relate differential coupled systems to integral ones, which require less regularity. Parallel to the theoretical explanation of this work, there is a range of practical examples and applications involving real phenomena, focusing on physics, mechanics, biology, forestry, and dynamical systems, which researchers and students will find useful.
This volume presents several important and recent contributions to the emerging field of fractional differential equations in a self-contained manner. It deals with new results on existence, uniqueness and multiplicity, smoothness, asymptotic development, and stability of solutions. The new topics in the field of fractional calculus include also the Mittag-Leffler and Razumikhin stability, stability of a class of discrete fractional non-autonomous systems, asymptotic integration with a priori given coefficients, intervals of disconjugacy (non-oscillation), existence of Lp solutions for various linear, and nonlinear fractional differential equations.
The authors give a treatment of the theory of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that is excellent for a first course at the graduate level as well as for individual study. The reader will find it to be a captivating introduction with a number of non-routine exercises dispersed throughout the book.The authors begin with a study of initial value problems for systems of differential equations including the Picard and Peano existence theorems. The continuability of solutions, their continuous dependence on initial conditions, and their continuous dependence with respect to parameters are presented in detail. This is followed by a discussion of the differentiability of solutions with respect to initial conditions and with respect to parameters. Comparison results and differential inequalities are included as well.Linear systems of differential equations are treated in detail as is appropriate for a study of ODEs at this level. Just the right amount of basic properties of matrices are introduced to facilitate the observation of matrix systems and especially those with constant coefficients. Floquet theory for linear periodic systems is presented and used to analyze nonhomogeneous linear systems.Stability theory of first order and vector linear systems are considered. The relationships between stability of solutions, uniform stability, asymptotic stability, uniformly asymptotic stability, and strong stability are examined and illustrated with examples as is the stability of vector linear systems. The book concludes with a chapter on perturbed systems of ODEs.