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The story of the Negro in Virgina was planned originally as one of a series of racial studies undertaken by the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration. Although the Federal Writers' Project no longer exists, the assignment has been completed under the administration of the Virginia Writers' Project, whose State supervisor, Mrs. Eudora Ramsay Richardson, has ably and sympathetically edited the manuscript. The only all-Negro unit of a State-wide writers' project, it has enjoyed an administrative and technical cooperation from the entire staff of Virginia writers that has contributed much to the volume. It is appropriate that the first WPA State book on the Negro be produced in Virginia ; for here the first African natives were brought and held in enforced servitude, and here also, more than two centuries later, freedom for some 5,000,000 of their descendants was assured on the surrender ground of Appomattox. -- Preface.
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Throughout the Civil War, newspaper headlines and stories repeatedly asked some variation of the question posed by the New York Times in 1862, "What shall we do with the negro?" The future status of African Americans was a pressing issue for those in both the North and in the South. Consulting a broad range of contemporary newspapers, magazines, books, army records, government documents, publications of citizens’ organizations, letters, diaries, and other sources, Paul D. Escott examines the attitudes and actions of Northerners and Southerners regarding the future of African Americans after the end of slavery. "What Shall We Do with the Negro?" demonstrates how historians together with our larger national popular culture have wrenched the history of this period from its context in order to portray key figures as heroes or exemplars of national virtue. Escott gives especial critical attention to Abraham Lincoln. Since the civil rights movement, many popular books have treated Lincoln as an icon, a mythical leader with thoroughly modern views on all aspects of race. But, focusing on Lincoln’s policies rather than attempting to divine Lincoln’s intentions from his often ambiguous or cryptic statements, Escott reveals a president who placed a higher priority on reunion than on emancipation, who showed an enduring respect for states’ rights, who assumed that the social status of African Americans would change very slowly in freedom, and who offered major incentives to white Southerners at the expense of the interests of blacks.Escott’s approach reveals the depth of slavery’s influence on society and the pervasiveness of assumptions of white supremacy. "What Shall We Do with the Negro?" serves as a corrective in offering a more realistic, more nuanced, and less celebratory approach to understanding this crucial period in American history.
The State of Virginia recognizes the 1619 landing of Africans at Point Comfort (present-day Hampton) as a complicated beginning. This collection of new essays reckons with this historical fact, with discussions of the impacts 400 years later. Chapters cover different perspectives about the "20 and odd" who landed, offering insights into how enslavement continues to affect the lives of their descendants. The often overlooked experiences of women in enslavement are discussed.
That the Blood Stay Pure traces the history and legacy of the commonwealth of Virginia's effort to maintain racial purity and its impact on the relations between African Americans and Native Americans. Arica L. Coleman tells the story of Virginia's racial purity campaign from the perspective of those who were disavowed or expelled from tribal communities due to their affiliation with people of African descent or because their physical attributes linked them to those of African ancestry. Coleman also explores the social consequences of the racial purity ethos for tribal communities that have refused to define Indian identity based on a denial of blackness. This rich interdisciplinary history, which includes contemporary case studies, addresses a neglected aspect of America's long struggle with race and identity.
Virginia encompasses "this nation's longest continuous experience of Afro-American life and culture," esteemed scholar Armstead L. Robinson has written. This book offers both highway and armchair travelers the first published guide to the locations and texts of more than three hundred state historical highway markers recalling significant people, places, and events in Virginia's African American history. Published to coincide with the 2019 commemoration of the first documented arrival of Africans to present-day Virginia in 1619, A Guidebook to Virginia's African American Historical Markers showcases topics of state and national significance, spanning the colonial era through the mid-1960s and the civil rights movement. Nearly all of these markers were approved by the Virginia Board of Historic Resources within the past forty years, through early 2019, thereby enlarging the sweep and scope of the nation's oldest statewide historical highway marker program.
The Negro Motorist Green Book was a groundbreaking guide that provided African American travelers with crucial information on safe places to stay, eat, and visit during the era of segregation in the United States. This essential resource, originally published from 1936 to 1966, offered a lifeline to black motorists navigating a deeply divided nation, helping them avoid the dangers and indignities of racism on the road. More than just a travel guide, The Negro Motorist Green Book stands as a powerful symbol of resilience and resistance in the face of oppression, offering a poignant glimpse into the challenges and triumphs of the African American experience in the 20th century.
From Winchester to Tidewater, Danville to Fairfax, black baseball is the longest-running form of entertainment and recreation in the black communities of Virginia. For five decades, the black teams of Old Dominion played their form of Negro league baseball in rural pastures, city parks, and, for a forunate few, minor league stadiums. The players and humble facilities mirrored the essence of what evolved into the professional Negro leagues--the same fast-paced play and showmanship, complemented by memorable and charismatic athletes. This history tells the story of black baseball in Virginia, thoroughly illustrated with historical photographs. Through Jim Crow segregation, the Civil Rights Movement and the early stages of integration, black baseball in Virginia meant family and community. This history tells the stories of these communities and players, often day laborers who gave it all on the field after a grueling day's work. These men and their families are documented here as an important piece of history for both baseball and the state of Virginia. The second edition expands the timeline covered to include the 1920s, with a new chapter on Virginia native and black baseball legend Pete Hill.