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The most comprehensive and best illustrated treatment of the fascinating tropical neem tree (Azadirachta indica) and its unique substances. The extracts from the neem tree have an enormously broad range of applications. The main substance azadirachtin, a tetranortriterpenoid, influences the hormone system of insects, exerting thereby a pesticidal effect. Feeding activity, reproduction and flying ability of insects are also affected. It is biologically degradable and can be easily extracted from the seeds of the tree. Other important uses of neem tree products are: - antifertility and population control - cure of human diseases - manure and nitrification inhibitors - feeds for domestic animals - soap production With its exhaustive treatment of the neem tree and closely related plants, this book provides us with an impressive example of the varied uses of renewable resources.
The chemicals from plant sources, generally termed as phytochemicals, play an important role in acceptance or rejection of the plant by the pests as they could be distasteful or toxic on one hand or on the other hand specialist herbivores have the capability to feed on many such chemicals, as they are able to process these natural products in a manner that is beneficial to them. In the wake of increasing environmental degradation due to burgeoning synthetic chemicals, there has been a process going on to rediscover the usefulness of plants and herbs and a continued effort for more than 2 decades has been to study the green products for cures for several ailments and pest management. In fact, according to Indian Medicinal Plants: A Sectoral Study, the global trade for medicinal plants amounts to about US $ 60 billion and the world demand continues to grow at the rate of 7 per cent per annum. Although many such plants are known in literature, neem has been one of trees with mani-fold virtues. Indian neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, which is a large evergreen tree, is an outstanding example among plants that has been subject matter of numerous scientific studies concerning its utilization in medicine, industry and agriculture. So far neem preparations have been evaluated against more than 500 species of insects and more than 400 hundred are reported to be susceptible at different concentrations.
Traditional and modern perspectives of neem; Using neem to controle pests; Effects of neem on montarget organisms; Socioeconomics of neem; Neem use in integrated pes management; Botanical pesticides other than neem; Lessons leamed and the next steps.
This comprehensive review on neem is an excellent collation of observations and research efforts by botanists, taxonomists and medical practitioners and will be of interest to everyone with an interest involved in medicinal and aromatic plant research.
The present edited volume Neem: A Treatise provides a comprehensive account of this wonder tree Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). An excellent reference text, it offers a versatile and in-depth discussion of the following: the occurrence of neem, its distribution, ethnobotany, uses in agroforestry, silviculture and social forestry, cultivation and improvement of neem, propagation by tissue culture, chemical constituents and their bioactivity against micro-flora and micro-fauna, disease, stored grain insect-pests, enhancing fertilizer use efficiency, neem in health and cosmetics, various therapeutic uses such as malaria and vector control, contraceptive, ancient veterinary medicines, uses of neem bark in dying cotton fabrics, and steps for promoting neem and its cultivation. This book will be very useful for researchers of various disciplines such as botany, forestry, chemistry, toxicology, agrochemicals, soil science, agronomy, entomology, plant pathology, medical, and veterinary science, as well as to the environmental conscious farmers of developed and developing countries.
Dependence upon neurotoxic chemicals as a means to control pest insects has lead to several problems: environmental hazards associated with broad-spectrum pesticides, negative impacts on non-target organisms such as natural enemies and pollinators, and the development of resistance to these chemicals among target species. Researchers have sought al
Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security explores the broad range of opportunity and challenges afforded by Integrated Pest Management systems. The book focuses on the insect resistance that has developed as a result of pest control chemicals, and how new methods of environmentally complementary pest control can be used to suppress harmful organisms while protecting the soil, plants, and air around them. As the world's population continues its rapid increase, this book addresses the production of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and other foods and their subsequent demand increase. Traditional means of food crop production face proven limitations and increasing research is turning to alternative means of crop growth and protection. - Addresses environmentally focused pest control with specific attention to its role in food security and sustainability. - Includes a range of pest management methods, from natural enemies to biomolecules. - Written by experts with extensive real-world experience.