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This book is an accessible and practical guide to all of the key issues and practices in mental health care for children and young people, aimed at all health and social care professionals working with this age group and partner agencies who work alongside child and adolescent mental health services. Written by an expert in the field, the book brings clarity to practice by exploring and explaining the context, role and processes involving child and adolescent mental health services. It also sets out the specific mental health difficulties young people and their families present to services as well as how to make good health assessments, plans and interventions used in the treatment of children and young people – including managing risk and safeguarding. Features of the book include: • Questions to encourage your reflection on different key issues in your own practice • Up to date information on current policy • Key points summaries and suggested further reading at the end of each chapter. This text will be an invaluable tool for all students and practitioners working with children and young people in a health context. “This book should become a key textbook of choice for a wide range of health care professionals and students. It encourages autonomous learning and helps develop critical analytical skills … Each chapter follows a logical progression using key objectives which relate to a range of activities and up to date evidenced based sources of information. The range of depth and breadth of material is contemporary and as such should meet the academic, managerial and clinical background of the reader.” Helen Matthews, Senior Lecturer in Health and Community Care, University of West London, UK "This book is a fantastic tool for students, CAMHS Practitioners who are new in the field, and professionals from partner agencies. It provides a comprehensive overview of CAMHS. This book is very informative and easy to read. Not only does it further CAMHS knowledge, but poses excellent questions to the reader in order to encourage reflection on practice. I would recommend this book highly to anybody who would like to further their knowledge and understanding of CAMHS as I believe it is an invaluable resource." Celina Grant, Previous Service manager – CAMHS, Designated Nurse for Safeguarding Children, Ashford and Canterbury & Coastal CCG, UK
Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
The majority of young people in the American juvenile justice system have diagnosable mental illnesses, including substance abuse, mental retardation and learning disorders. However, these often remain undetected and untreated. In this book, a team of experts examines the prevalence of mental disorders in this population and describes the means of screening for, diagnosing, and treating them effectively in a developmentally appropriate, culturally sensitive manner. They also examine psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic approaches; innovative alternatives to detention; the true costs of detaining youth; vulnerability to self-incrimination; and the alarming trend of minority confinement. Their comprehensive coverage includes discussion of ethical dilemmas and the need for preventive strategies and integrated approaches involving judicial, law enforcement, educational, and mental health professionals. This book will be of interest to both mental health and juvenile justice professionals.
Children and Young People’s Mental Health equips nurses and healthcare professionals with the essential skills and competencies needed to deliver effective assessment, treatment and support to children and young people with mental health problems and disorders, and their families. Drawing on McDougall’s Child and Adolescent Mental Health Nursing and taking the Cavendish Report and Willis Commission into account, this new textbook has been designed to ensure those working in CAMHS can continue to provide a high quality, evidence-based service. The book explores best practice in a variety of settings and addresses issues such as eating disorders, self–harm, ADHD, forensic mental health issues and misuse of drugs and alcohol in children and young people, as well as child protection, clinical governance, safeguarding and legal requirements. Furthermore, with young people contributing directly to several chapters, the book reflects the importance of involving them in planning, delivering and evaluating CAMHS services. It is essential reading for all health and social care professionals and students working with children and young people, particularly those working in specialist child and adolescent mental health settings.
Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
It has long been known that the pathway through the criminal justice system for those with mental health needs is fraught with difficulty. This interdisciplinary collection explores key issues in mental health, crime and criminal justice, including: offenders' rights; intervention designs; desistance; health-informed approaches to offending and the medical needs of offenders; psychological jurisprudence, and; collaborative and multi-agency practice. This volume draws on the knowledge of professionals and academics working in this field internationally, as well as the experience of service users. It offers a solution-focused response to these issues, and promotes both equality and quality of experience for service users. It will be essential reading for practitioners, scholars and students with an interest in forensic mental health and criminal justice.
This book explores the controversial relationship between mental health and offending and looks at the ways in which offenders with mental health problems are cared for, coerced and controlled by the criminal justice and mental health systems. It provides a much-needed criminological approach to the field of forensic mental health. Beginning with an exploration into why the relationship between mental health and offending is so complex, readers will be introduced to a range of perspectives through which mental health and its relationship to offending behaviour can be understood. The book considers the politics surrounding mental health and offending, focusing particularly on the changing policy response to mentally disordered offenders since the mid-1990s. With dedicated chapters concerning the police, courts, secure services and the community, this book explores a range of issues including: • The tensions between the care, coercion and control of mentally disordered offenders • The increasingly blurred boundaries between mental health and criminal justice • Rights, responsibilities, accountability and blame • Risk, public protection and precaution • Challenges involved with treatment, recovery and rehabilitation • Staffing challenges surrounding multi-agency working • Funding, privatisation and challenges surrounding service commissioning • Methodological challenges in the field. Providing an accessible and concise overview of the field and its key perspectives, this book is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in mental health offered by criminology, criminal justice, sociology, social work, nursing and public policy departments. It will also be of interest to a wide range of mental health and criminal justice practitioners.
A selection of papers presented at the international conference, Leuven, May 12-14, 1997.
Youth justice has become an increasingly important part of the criminal justice system, and has faced a wide range of challenges in the last few years. Practice within the youth justice system has become increasingly professionalized, with important roles being played locally by Youth Offending Teams and custodial establishments, and centrally by the Youth Justice Board (YJB). Key to the professionalisation of the workforce has been the YJB's Effective Practice Strategy and associated HR and Learning strategy that seeks to enable youth offending services and individual practitioners within them to work in ways that are evidence based and informed by the most reliable and up to date research. This book is an amalgamation, significant update and revision of a series of Readers in the key areas of effective practice identified by the YJB. It draws together the best available research in each of eleven key areas of practice, considers the principles of effective practice as they relate to those areas and identifies the challenges for those working in the youth justice system. The book is an essential resource for people working within the youth justice system, those training to work in youth justice, and students taking courses in youth justice as part of criminology or criminal justice degrees. Providing a comprehensive and up-to-date review of research and the implications for practice, it is designed to meet the needs of students taking YJB sponsored courses with the Open University, in particular K208 (the Professional Certificate in Effective Practice) which forms part of a wider Foundation Degree.
Public authorities have a duty to ensure looked after children are not at greater risk of being drawn into the criminal justice system than other children. The relevant authorities must continue to support looked after children and care leavers when they are in, and when they leave, custody. The substantial decrease since 2006/07 in the number of young people entering the criminal justice system for the first time is welcomed but looked after children have not benefited from this shift to the same extent as other children. The Youth Justice Board has done excellent work to halve the youth custodial population over the past decade but continues to spend £246 million a year detaining a small fraction of young offenders. Recommendations include: a statutory threshold to enshrine in legislation the principle that only the most serious and prolific young offenders should be placed in custody; devolving the custody budget to enable local authorities to invest in effective alternatives to custody; and more action to reduce the number of young people who breach the terms of their community sentences and the number of young black men in custody. The aim of improving the basic literacy of offenders, as outlined in the Transforming Youth Custody consultation paper is endorsed, but is it most useful to focus resources on the secure estate, given that the average length of stay is currently 79 days? The greater focus should be on improving transition between custody and the community, and on improving provision in the community and incentivising schools and colleges to take back difficult students.