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The practice of keeping live birds in captivity has been widespread throughout this century and has increased considerably as the 20th century comes to a close. In the last decade or so, the increased trade in live birds from Tanzania has given rise to a number of concerns regarding the sustainability of the trade, its effects on bird numbers, and illegal trafficking. As part of its efforts to palliate the lack of legislation and planning in this domain and to evaluate the effects of this trade, in 1990 the Tanzanian government initiated the Planning and Assessment for Wildlife Management (PAWM) project. As part of this project, a workshop on the live bird trade in Tanzania was organized in Dar Es Salaam in December 1991 and gave rise to a series of initiatives. This publication provides a record of these initiatives and of the PAWN's efforts to arrive at and implement them. It also provides a record of the papers presented during the workshop and the recommendations that emerged therefrom.
A detailed examination of all aspects of parrots from behavior to their conservation. Parrots' colour and charisma, coupled with the fact that they mimic human speech, make them fascinating to many people. They are ancient birds with unique bill and foot structures that enable them to forage on fruits in the canopy of forest trees as well as on seeds in grasslands. Because they depend on fruits and seeds all year round, most species are confined to the tropics or sub-tropics, where the world's biodiversity is at its greatest. There are over three hundred species of parrots, of which more than one hundred are recognised as rare, endangered, vulnerable or threatened with extinction. Parrots are largely distributed in tropical areas of developing countries where economies are weak and uncertain, and where there is great dependence on the exploitation of natural resources, particularly hard wood evergreen forests, which are preferred parrot habitats. Unfortunately, high levels of corruption are common to these regions, with much illegal trade in animals and little or no law enforcement. Collectors of parrots in the first world pay huge sums for rare parrots. However, research, education and conservation actions are greatly reducing illegal trade in African parrots. This book provides complete coverage of all aspects of the biology of extant African, Malagasy and Mascarene parrots, and reviews our knowledge of extinct and fossil parrots from the region. Particular themes include the behavioural and ecological characteristics of parrots, their species characteristics and conservation biology. Current concepts in avian and conservation biology are also discussed. Parrots of Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands is aimed at ornithologists, conservation biologists, avian ecologists, academics, bird watchers and parrot fans alike. It is well illustrated, with high quality original photographs, and includes distribution maps, figures and tables.
One of the major challenges of sustainable development is the interdisciplinary nature of the issues involved. To this end, a team of conservation biologists, hunters, tourist operators, ranchers, wildlife and land managers, ecologists, veterinarians and economists was convened to discuss whether wildlife outside protected areas in Africa can be conserved in the face of agricultural expansion and human population growth. They reached the unequivocal - if controversial - conclusion that wildlife can be an economic asset, especially in the African savannas, if this wildlife can be sustainably utilized through safari hunting and tourism. Using the African savannas as an example, Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use shows that in many instances sustainable wildlife utilization comprises an even better form of land use than livestock keeping. Even when population pressure is high, as in agricultural areas or in humid zones, and wild animal species can pose a serious cost to agriculture, these costs are mainly caused by small species with a low potential for safari hunting. Although ranching has a very low rate of return and is hardly ever profitable, the biggest obstacle to the model of sustainable wildlife use outlined in Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use is from unfair competition from the agricultural sector, such as subsidies and lack of taxation, resulting in market distortion for wildlife utilization. This book thus gives valuable evidence for a different way of working, providing arguments for removing such distortions and thereby facilitating financially sound land use and making it a rationally sound choice to conserve wildlife outside protected areas. The expert team of authors, most of whom came together at a workshop to thrash out the ideas that were then developed into the various chapters, has written a superb account of recent research on this complex subject, resulting in a book that is a major contribution to our understanding of sustainable use of land. The important conclusion is that wildlife conservation can be possible for landholders and local communities if they have a financial interest in protecting wildlife on their lands.
Annotation. Regulation of the international trade in wildlife is failing: Why? How do we stop more and more plant and animal species from being endangered? Leading authorities in the field show why it is not working and what needs to be done. Essential reading for those working in the areas of trade, environment and conservation. The regulation of the trade in wildlife is failing: increasing numbers of plant and animal species are threatened with extinction despite improvements in our understanding and the management of global trade. Understanding why, and what to do about it, is urgently needed. This book provides a critical assessment of how the trade in wildlife is currently regulated and how those regulations are enforced. Through analysis of case studies and comparisons with the trade in other illegal goods, it shows what the weaknesses are, where the system is failing and what must be done if conservation efforts are to be supported by trade regulations, and not undermined.
Behavior of Exotic Pets is the first book on the subject tobe written by behavioral experts, all with a wealth of practicalexperience. Divided into species-specific chapters, the bookexplains the normal behavior for each group of animals, includingreproduction, parenting, communication and social behavior. Thebook also addresses animals’ environmental needs based ontheir behavior to enable owners to provide better husbandry andavoid potential problems. Descriptions of common behavioralproblems are included, with practical recommendations for theirtreatment or management. This text is essential for any veterinary professional who wouldlike to improve their knowledge of exotic animal behavior. It alsoserves as a valuable reference for animal behaviorists, exoticanimal veterinarians, veterinary students, and anyone caring forthese animals in captivity. Key features: The first and only book on exotic pet behavior written bybehaviorists Covers a wide range of exotic pet species Discusses methods for treating and managing common behavioralproblems Offers practical advice on topics such as housing and handlingof animals Includes separate chapters on learning, welfare, and behavioralpharmacology