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This study of Vivaldi's late operas grew out of an interest not so much in Vivaldi but in Baroque opera in general. On examining the position of research into this genre a few years ago, it appeared that most of the important composers in this field had been investigated to some degree, with the exception of Vivaldi. As Mario Rinaldi has shown in his survey of Vivaldi research, the vocal works were neglected until the last few years, and despite the impetus provided by the tercentenary of his birth in 1978, the balance has not yet been restored. Considering the popularity of his instrumental works, it seemed rather unfair that his theatrical music should be virtually ignored (an interesting comparison can be made here with Haydn), and so the present work aims to throw some light onto this side of his activities. For practical reasons it was impossible to take into account all the surviving operatic fragments scattered throughout the libraries of Europe. However, as all the most important manuscripts are housed in Turin, these formed the basis of this study, with the addition of six arias from Ercole su'l Termodonte in a manuscript in the Bibliothèque du Conservatoire National de Musique, Paris. Further restrictions, however, were still necessary, and so, as many of the later works use librettos by leading figures such as Zeno and Metastasio, these mature operas, dating from 1727 onwards, seemed the most obvious on which to concentrate. One opera, Griselda, has been singled out for particular attention on account of the available information concerning the adaptation of Zeno's libretto, and Vivaldi's score of this work has recently been reproduced in the Garland Series of facsimiles of Italian opera. Most of the work that has been done on the operas so far has tended to approach them from the point of view of the concertos, constantly drawing parallels between the two styles. There are, obviously, many connections, but, for the most part, this investigation has tried to view them as dramatic works in their own right--the way in which Vivaldi, as a man of the theatre, would surely have regarded them. --from Preface.
Great was the interest among Vivaldians and opera-lovers when a score of a large portion of Vivaldi's lost opera Motezuma (1733) was unexpectedly discovered among manuscripts from the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin returned to Berlin from Kiev in 2000. The find was providential, since in recent decades practically all of Vivaldi's performable operatic music has been presented to the public. The newly discovered work has thus given a much-needed fillip to everyone concerned with Vivaldi's operas. Scholarly discussion was initiated in an international symposium held at the De Doelen concert hall in Rotterdam in June 2005 alongside the work's first modern performance. From the start, it was planned that the papers read at the symposium, augmented by essays commissioned from other scholars, would be gathered into a book centring on Motezuma. The starting point for the contributions, all of which appear in English, is Steffen Voss's 'Vivaldi's Music for the Opera Motezuma, RV 723'. This focuses on the opera itself: its origins, transmission, dramaturgy and music. Reinhard Strohm follows with 'Vivaldi and His Operas, 1730-1734: A Critical Survey': a chronicle of Vivaldi's operatic activities during the creative period surrounding Motezuma. Strohm's essay enables one to identify more clearly what is typical - for Vivaldi and for its period - in Motezuma, and what is less typical. Micky White and Michael Talbot then offer a sidelight on Venetian opera from the same period by charting the chequered career of a nephew of Vivaldi in 'Pietro Mauro, detto 'il Vivaldi': Failed Tenor, Failed Impresario, Failed Husband, Acclaimed Copyist'. Briefly, during the late 1730s, Mauro's career in opera mirrored Vivaldi's own at a humbler level, and a scandal in which the former became embroiled may even have had repercussions for his uncle. We move next to the world of librettos and dramaturgy. The 'American' dimension of the opera is explored in Jurgen Maehder's 'Alvise Giusti's Libretto Motezuma and the Conquest of Mexico in Eighteenth-Century Italian Opera Seria'. To choose an American subject for an opera seria was a novelty at the time, and the libretto for Motezuma casts an interesting light on contemporary attitudes towards the Conquista and towards the indigenous civilizations that it brought to a brutal end. Carlo Vitali's essay 'A Case of Historical Revisionism in the Theatre: Some Undeclared Sources for Vivaldi's Motezuma' probes more deeply into the libretto's historical antecedents. Melania Bucciarelli, in 'Taming the exotic: Vivaldi's Armida al campo d'Egitto', explores the treatment of an Ottoman theme in a Vivaldi opera of the period leading up to Motezuma. In a sense, the Ottoman empire formed a prototype of 'alterity' on which later operatic depictions of non-European peoples could draw, while also supplying a test-bed for the treatment of topical subjects during a tense period of intermittent warfare with the Sublime Porte. The next two contributions redirect the focus towards the music of Motezuma. Kurt Markstrom, in 'The Vivaldi-Vinci Interconnections, 1724-26 and beyond: Implications for the Late Style of Vivaldi', considers the interaction in the operatic arena between Vivaldi and his brilliant contemporary Leonardo Vinci, who briefly burst on to the Venetian scene in the 1720s before his premature death in 1730 robbed the all-conquering Neapolitan style of one of its heroes. Markstrom shows how Vivaldi was both influenced by, and an influence on, Vinci. Michael Talbot's essay 'Vivaldi's 'Late' Style: Final Fruition or Terminal Decline?' ponders whether there is any objective basis in positing a 'late' style in Vivaldi's case and, if so, where its boundaries lie. His conclusion is that there is indeed a late style, beginning in the second half of the 1720s and divisible into two sub-periods, with Motezuma close to the end of the first. 'Final fruition' is an apt description of the first sub-period, 'terminal decline' (with qualifications) of the second. Fittingly, the concluding essay, Frederic Delamea's 'Vivaldi in scena: Thoughts on The Revival of Vivaldi's Operas', confronts the world of present-day staged performance. Why, this author asks, do we commonly pay such respect to notions of historical fidelity in the musical realization of the operas, while we trample so brutally on authenticity in the matter of stagecraft and production. This essay promises to become a seminal text for an ongoing debate.
The Vivaldi Compendium represents the latest in Vivaldi research, drawing on the author's close involvement with Vivaldi and Venetian music over four decades.
When first published in 1947, A Short History of Opera immediately achieved international status as a classic in the field. Now, more than five decades later, this thoroughly revised and expanded fourth edition informs and entertains opera lovers just as its predecessors have. The fourth edition incorporates new scholarship that traces the most important developments in the evolution of musical drama. After surveying anticipations of the operatic form in the lyric theater of the Greeks, medieval dramatic music, and other forerunners, the book reveals the genre's beginnings in the seventeenth century and follows its progress to the present day. A Short History of Opera examines not only the standard performance repertoire, but also works considered important for the genre's development. Its expanded scope investigates opera from Eastern European countries and Finland. The section on twentieth-century opera has been reorganized around national operatic traditions including a chapter devoted solely to opera in the United States, which incorporates material on the American musical and ties between classical opera and popular musical theater. A separate section on Chinese opera is also included. With an extensive multilanguage bibliography, more than one hundred musical examples, and stage illustrations, this authoritative one-volume survey will be invaluable to students and serious opera buffs. New fans will also find it highly accessible and informative. Extremely thorough in its coverage, A Short History of Opera is now more than ever the book to turn to for anyone who wants to know about the history of this art form.
Antonio Vivaldi's rediscovery after World War II quickly led him from obscurity to his present renown as one of the most popular 18th-century composers. Heller's biography presents the important facets of his life, his works, and his influence on music history.
From the New York Times review of the Dallas Opera's performance of Orlando furioso and the international symposium on Baroque opera: ". . . it was a serious, thoughtful, consistent and imaginative realization of a beautiful, long-neglected work, one that fully deserved all the loving attention it received. As such, the production and its attendant symposium made a positive contribution to the cause of Baroque opera . . . . " Baroque opera experienced a revival in the late twentieth century. Its popularity, however, has given rise to a number of perplexing and exciting questions regarding literary sources, librettos, theater design, set design, stage movement, and costumes—even the editing of the operas. In 1980, the Dallas Opera produced the American premier of Vivaldi's Orlando furioso, which met with much acclaim. Concurrently an international symposium on the subject of Baroque opera was held at Southern Methodist University. Authorities from around the world met to discuss the operatic works of Vivaldi, Handel, and other Baroque composers as well as the characteristics of the genre. Michael Collins and Elise Kirk, deputy chair and chair of the symposium, edited the papers to produce this groundbreaking study, which will be of great interest to music scholars and opera lovers throughout the world. Contributors to Opera and Vivaldi include Shirley Wynne, John Walter Hill, Andrew Porter, Eleanor Selfridge-Field, Howard Mayer Brown, William Holmes, Ellen Rosand, and the editors.
The perfect accompaniment to courses on eighteenth-century opera for both students and teachers, this Companion is a definitive reference resource.
Tonal Space in the Music of Antonio Vivaldi incorporates an analytical study of Vivaldi's style into a more general exploration of harmonic and tonal organization in the music of the late Italian Baroque. The harmonic and tonal language of Vivaldi and his contemporaries, full of curious links between traditional modal thinking and what would later be considered common-practice major-minor tonality, directly reflects the historical circumstances of the shifting attitude toward the conceptualization of tonal space so crucial to Western art music. Vivaldi is examined in a completely new context, allowing both his prosaic and idiosyncratic sides to emerge clearly. This book contributes to a better understanding of Vivaldi's individual style, while illuminating wider processes of stylistic development and the diffusion of artistic ideas in the 18th century.
In this enthralling new novel, Barbara Quick re-creates eighteenth-century Venice at the height of its splendor and decadence. A story of longing and intrigue, half-told truths and toxic lies, Vivaldi's Virgins unfolds through the eyes of Anna Maria dal Violin, one of the elite musicians cloistered in the foundling home where Antonio Vivaldi—known as the Red Priest of Venice—is maestro and composer. Fourteen-year-old Anna Maria, abandoned at the Ospedale della Pietà as an infant, is determined to find out who she is and where she came from. Her quest takes her beyond the cloister walls into the complex tapestry of Venetian society; from the impoverished alleyways of the Jewish Ghetto to a masked ball in the company of a king; from the passionate communal life of adolescent girls competing for their maestro's favor to the larger-than-life world of music and spectacle that kept the citizens of a dying republic in thrall. In this world, where for fully half the year the entire city is masked and cloaked in the anonymity of Carnival, nothing is as it appears to be. A virtuoso performance in the tradition of Girl with a Pearl Earring, Vivaldi's Virgins is a fascinating glimpse inside the source of Vivaldi's musical legacy, interwoven with the gripping story of a remarkable young woman's coming-of-age in a deliciously evocative time and place.