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This work examines the relationship between the rapid technological and economic growth characteristic of high technology districts and their distinct labor market institutions - short job tenures, rapid turnover, flat firm hierarchies, weak internal labor markets, high use of temporary labor, unusual uses of independent contracting, little unionization, unusual employee organization (e.g., chat groups, and ethnic organization), unequal income, minimal employment discrimination litigation, flexible compensation (especially stock options), and heavy use of immigrants on short-term visas. The author suggests that while these distinctive labor market institutions are somewhat unorthodox and may present legal problems, they play essential roles in high growth.
Makes correlations between success and geography, explaining how such rising centers of innovation as San Francisco and Austin are likely to offer influential opportunities and shape the national and global economies in positive or detrimental ways.
The Handbook of Career Studies brings together, for the first time in a single work, a comprehensive scholarly treatment of the major topics within the growing field of career studies. Drawing on the expertise of leading international scholars in each area of career studies, editors Hugh Gunz and Maury Peiperl have assembled a consummate set of writings, defining the field with a breadth of coverage and integration of topics not found elsewhere. From a view of the history of the field and a map of its elements to a set of essays about the future of careers and work, this volume provides the most complete reference available on the role of work careers in individual lives, institutions, and industries. Key Features • Offers a comprehensive history and structure of the field: Building on previous work done in the discipline, the editors and contributors take a fresh look at the origins and current structure of career studies. • Presents the most complete review of research available: An unparalleled set of prominent global contributors describes the state of work in their areas of expertise as well as offering a glimpse at future trends. • Extends subject area knowledge to other disciplines: By linking career studies to a wider set of disciplines through critical essays, this volume thoroughly explores future directions for career research, policy, and practice. • Includes an endorsement and critical comments on the state of the field: Edgar H. Schein, widely acknowledged as a seminal contributor to the modern field of career studies, provides a Foreword and a critical Afterword. Intended Audience This Handbook is an invaluable reference work for students, academics, and researchers in the areas of Careers, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Social Psychology, Counseling, Sociology, and Organization Studies as well as for human resource practitioners interested in the state of knowledge of the field.
Globalization, technological change, and deregulation have made the American marketplace increasingly competitive in recent decades, but for many workers this "new economy" has entailed heightened job insecurity, lower wages, and scarcer benefits. As the job market has grown more volatile, a variety of labor market intermediaries—organizations that help job seekers find employment—have sprung up, from private temporary agencies to government "One-Stop Career Centers." In Staircases or Treadmills? Chris Benner, Laura Leete, and Manuel Pastor investigate what approaches are most effective in helping workers to secure jobs with decent wages and benefits, and they provide specific policy recommendations for how job-matching organizations can better serve disadvantaged workers. Staircases or Treadmills? is the first comprehensive study documenting the prevalence of all types of labor market intermediaries and investigating how these intermediaries affect workers' employment opportunities. Benner, Leete, and Pastor draw on years of research in two distinct regional labor markets—"old economy" Milwaukee and "new economy" Silicon Valley—including a first-of-its-kind random survey of the prevalence and impacts of intermediaries, and a wide range of interviews with intermediary agencies' staff and clients. One of the main obstacles that disadvantaged workers face is that social networks of families and friends are less effective in connecting job-seekers to stable, quality employment. Intermediaries often serve as a substitute method for finding a job. Which substitute is chosen, however, matters: The authors find that the most effective organizations—including many unions, community colleges, and local non-profits—actively foster contacts between workers and employers, tend to make long-term investments in training for career development, and seek to transform as well as satisfy market demands. But without effective social networks to help workers locate the best intermediaries, most rely on private temporary agencies and other organizations that offer fewer services and, statistical analysis shows, often channel their participants into jobs with low wages and few benefits. Staircases or Treadmills? suggests that, to become more effective, intermediary organizations of all types need to focus more on training workers, teaching networking skills, and fostering contact between workers and employers in the same industries. A generation ago, rising living standards were broadly distributed and coupled with relatively secure employment. Today, many Americans fear that heightened job insecurity is overshadowing the benefits of dynamic economic growth. Staircases or Treadmills? is a stimulating guide to how private and public job-matching institutions can empower disadvantaged workers to share in economic progress.
This book provides a dynamic and contextualized account of how young people's lives are shaped by economic instability and uncertainty.
Digital transformation increasingly drives economic growth in the rich capitalist democracies, but orienting production around digital technologies is associated with rising inequality and spreading precarity. In Recoding Power, Rothstein outlines three tactics that workers can use to build power in the current episode of economic transition, where they otherwise lack access to traditional power-resources like unions and institutions for social protection. Drawing on four in-depth case studies of workers responding to mass layoffs at tech firms in the United States and Germany, Rothstein shows.