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William Stephens was Secretary of the Province of Georgia from 1737 to 1750 and was President from 1741 for ten years. He was sent to America by the Trustees of Georgia, who resided in London, to keep them informed on conditions in the colony. Besides writing numerous letters to the Trustees, Stephens kept a journal which he sent to them periodically. The journal down to 1741 was printed by the Trustees. Here in this volume (and the volume for 1743-1745) the continuation of the journal is published for the first time. Through his journal Stephens undertook to inform the Trustees of everything which happened in Georgia, from the most trivial to the most important. This close-up view of Georgia, the details of the everyday life of the people, and the record of significant development in the colony all make his journal a valuable document in American colonial history.
William Stephens was Secretary of the Province of Georgia from 1737 to 1750 and was President from 1741 for ten years. He was sent to America by the Trustees of Georgia, who resided in London, to keep them informed on conditions in the colony. Besides writing numerous letters to the Trustees, Stephens kept a journal which he sent to them periodically. The journal down to 1741 was printed by the Trustees. Here in this volume (and the volume for 1741-1743) the continuation of the journal is published for the first time. Through his journal Stephens undertook to inform the Trustees of everything which happened in Georgia, from the most trivial to the most important. This close-up view of Georgia, the details of the everyday life of the people, and the record of significant development in the colony all make his journal a valuable document in American colonial history.
In August 1753, four colonists and their boat crew set out on a potentially dangerous passage of "discovery and observations" along Georgia's barrier islands from Savannah southward as far as the St. Johns River in Spanish-held Florida. Journal of a Visit to the Georgia Islands is a record of that trip, and although unsigned, internal evidence points directly to prominent Georgia entrepreneur Jonathan Bryan (1708-1788) as the author. His companions were the famous cartographer William G. De Brahm and South Carolina planters William Simmons and John Williamson. Traveling by day, hunting for food and camping on shore at night, the brave little band endured a battering by stormy seas and undoubtedly vicious attacks by nocturnal insects. However, the author was not deterred from appreciating the wilderness and its beauty. His comments on the waterways, the deplorable condition of coastal fortifications, and his assessment of the splendid timber resources and the fertile land for agriculture and for raising livestock make the document tantamount to a field report. As our only known legacy of the trip, this previously unpublished journal is unique in the annals of Georgia's colonial history.
In 1737, Englishman William Stephens (1671--1753) sailed to Georgia to serve as colonial secretary to its British Board of Trustees. His lucid reports on the condition of Georgia deeply impressed the board, which eventually appointed him president of the troubled colony. The elderly Stephens adroitly shepherded the fledgling settlement over the following decade through a precarious and tumultuous period. Though Stephens's actions proved critical to the survival of colonial Georgia, historians have largely overlooked his life story. In William Stephens: Georgia's Forgotten Founder, Julie Anne Sweet not only fills that gap, she uses the story of Stephens's life as an opportunity to illuminate vital details in the history of early Georgia. She opens by exploring the relationship between Stephens and the British Board of Trustees, demonstrating Stephens's absolute loyalty to his employer. He carried out orders without question, making numerous enemies within the colony as a consequence. By closely examining Stephens's interactions with various political officials and adversaries, Sweet highlights the complicated nature of colonial administration. She also examines Stephens's involvement with international diplomacy and military defense during one of Britain's many wars with Spain and his efforts to maintain good relations with nearby Indian nations. Sweet complements her focus on the public aspects of Stephens's career with a careful analysis of his life beyond politics, including his family, his agricultural endeavors, and his religious convictions. As a result, her captivating intellectual biography of Stephens also provides a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the political and social forces at work in colonial Georgia.
The Journal of the Earl of Egmont reveals private historical records kept by John Perceval, the first Earl of Egmont and secretary for the Common Council, a council appointed by the Charter of the colony of Georgia. A close friend of James Edward Oglethorpe, Egmont was instrumental in various colonial projects, including obtaining money for the new Carolina charter, serving as the first president of the Trustees, and often serving as the chairman of the Common Council. His careful records and plentiful writing found here offer a historical perspective on Georgia’s early days. The Georgia Open History Library has been made possible in part by a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities: Democracy demands wisdom. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this collection, do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
This lively book recounts the story of the antagonism between the American colonists and the British armed forces prior to the Revolution. Douglas Leach reveals certain Anglo-American attitudes and stereotypes that evolved before 1763 and became an important factor leading to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Using research from both England and the United States, Leach provides a comprehensive study of this complex historical relationship. British professional armed forces first were stationed in significant numbers in the colonies during the last quarter of the seventeenth century. During early clashes in Virginia in the 1670s and in Boston and New York in the late 1680s, the colonists began to perceive the British standing army as a repressive force. The colonists rarely identified with the British military and naval personnel and often came to dislike them as individuals and groups. Not suprisingly, these hostile feelings were reciprocated by the British soldiers, who viewed the colonists as people who had failed to succeed at home and had chosen a crude existence in the wilderness. These attitudes hardened, and by the mid-eighteenth century an atmosphere of distrust and suspicion prevailed on both sides. With the outbreak of the French and Indian War in 1754, greater numbers of British regulars came to America. Reaching uprecedented levels, the increased contact intensified the British military's difficulty in finding shelter and acquiring needed supplies and troops from the colonists. Aristocratic British officers considered the provincial officers crude amateurs -- incompetent, ineffective, and undisciplined -- leading slovenly, unreliable troops. Colonists, in general, hindered the British military by profiteering whenever possible, denouncing taxation for military purposes, and undermining recruiting efforts. Leach shows that these attitudes, formed over decades of tension-breeding contact, are an important development leading up to the American Revolution.