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Sahl lived in the first half of the 9th century. His five short treatises, Introduction to Astrology, The 50 Precepts, Judgments of Questions, Elections, and The Book of Times, appear to be the principal medieval source of rules for Horary Astrology and Elections. They constitute a corpus of detailed instruction for these two branches of Astrology. James Herschel Holden, the translator, is Research Director of the American Federation of Astrologers and is especially interested in early astrological works.
Abū Ma'shar's famous Great Introduction to traditional astrology was a major influence on medieval astrologers through its Latin versions, and is available and explained to modern audiences in this new translation from the Arabic original. Written in the early 800s during the Golden Age of the 'Abbāsid Caliphate in Baghdad, the Great Introduction falls into two parts. Books I-IV present a theory of astrology and its primary concepts in the language of Aristotelian philosophy, including a lengthy defense of astrology. Books V-VIII contain numerous lists and descriptions of sign categories, planetary conditions, and planetary configurations. Book VII describes how to judge elemental combinations in planetary conjunctions, and Book VIII contains Abū Ma'shar's classic list of Lots and how to interpret them. The Great Introduction is a landmark in astrological history, and is a must-have for practitioners and historians.
Abū Ma’͑šar’s Great Introduction to Astrology (mid-ninth century) is the most comprehensive and influential text on astrology in the Middle Ages. In addition to presenting astrological doctrine, it provides a detailed justification for the validity of astrology and establishes its basis within the natural sciences of the philosophers. These two volumes provide a critical edition of the Arabic text; a facing English translation, which includes references to the divergences in the twelfth-century Latin translations of John of Seville and Hermann of Carinthia (Volume 1); and the large fragment of a Greek translation (edited by David Pingree). Comprehensive Arabic, English, Greek and Latin glossaries enable one to trace changes in vocabulary and terminology as the text passed from one culture to another. (Volume 2.)
Dr. Benjamin Dykes produces essential new translations of traditional astrology texts for modern students. Persian Nativities I contains the first English translation of Masha'allah's natal work, The Book of Aristotle, and a new translation of his student Abu 'Ali al-Khayyat's influential On the Judgments of Nativities.
Science: A Four Thousand Year History rewrites science's past. Instead of focussing on difficult experiments and abstract theories, Patricia Fara shows how science has always belonged to the practical world of war, politics, and business. Rather than glorifying scientists as idealized heroes, she tells true stories about real people - men (and some women) who needed to earn their living, who made mistakes, and who trampled down their rivals in their quest for success. Fara sweeps through the centuries, from ancient Babylon right up to the latest hi-tech experiments in genetics and particle physics, illuminating the financial interests, imperial ambitions, and publishing enterprises that have made science the powerful global phenomenon that it is today. She also ranges internationally, illustrating the importance of scientific projects based around the world, from China to the Islamic empire, as well as the more familiar tale of science in Europe, from Copernicus to Charles Darwin and beyond. Above all, this four thousand year history challenges scientific supremacy, arguing controversially that science is successful not because it is always right - but because people have said that it is right.
How does science work? Does it tell us what the world is “really” like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of more than a hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Examples and asides engage the beginning student, a glossary of terms explains key concepts, and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow. The second edition is thoroughly updated and expanded by the author with a new chapter on truth, simplicity, and models in science.
Providing a complete translation of two classic introductory works in traditional astrology, this text is ideal for students or for use as a reference and companion text for courses. More than 120 illustrations and numerous commentaries by the translator and editor are featured.
The idea that science is or should be value-free, and that values are or should be formed independently of science, has been under fire by philosophers of science for decades. Science and Moral Imagination directly challenges the idea that science and values cannot and should not influence each other. Matthew J. Brown argues that science and values mutually influence and implicate one another, that the influence of values on science is pervasive and must be responsibly managed, and that science can and should have an influence on our values. This interplay, he explains, must be guided by accounts of scientific inquiry and value judgment that are sensitive to the complexities of their interactions. Brown presents scientific inquiry and value judgment as types of problem-solving practices and provides a new framework for thinking about how we might ethically evaluate episodes and decisions in science, while offering guidance for scientific practitioners and institutions about how they can incorporate value judgments into their work. His framework, dubbed “the ideal of moral imagination,” emphasizes the role of imagination in value judgment and the positive role that value judgment plays in science.
This volume presents six major works by the medieval astrologer Sahl b. Bishr, translated from Arabic into English by leading translator Benjamin Dykes.