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The American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AWWARF) and 22 municipalities, water utilities, water purveyors, water districts and water providers funded this study. Goals of this research included: Providing specific data on the end uses of water in residential settings across the continent; Assembling data on disaggregated indoor and outdoor uses; Identifying variations in water used for each fixture or appliance according to a variety of factors; and Developing predictive models forecast residential water demand. This report represents a time and place snapshot of how water is used in single-family homes in twelve North American locations. Similarities and differences among 'end users' were tabulated for each location, analyzed and summarized. Great care was taken to create a statistically significant representative sample of customer for each of the twelve locations. However, these twelve locations are not statistically representative of all North American locations.
This publication presents the results of a survey conducted in 2011 on household behaviour regarding energy, food, transport, waste and water and covering 11 countries. This edition replaces the one posted in 2011.
In the context of worldwide water scarcity, this dissertation uses Ajzen's (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Zepeda and Deal's (2009) Alphabet Theory, to examine the role of psychometric factors and contextual variables in explaining water conservation behavior. Additionally, the author hypothesizes that ownership structure influences consumers' trust in the water utility, attitudes towards water conservation, and water conservation behavior. Specifically, it is hypothesized that cooperative members trust their water utility more, have a greater sense of conservation responsibility and report less water use compared to IOF and municipal utility customers. Data was gathered from a large municipal water utility in Wisconsin for a pilot study, and from three large water utilities in Los Angeles County - one municipal, one cooperative and one investor-owned for the main study. Findings suggest self-reported water conservation behavior is not associated with actual water use. However, trust in the water utility is positively related with self-reported water conservation behavior and inversely related with total water use. The author also found that ownership structure influences trust in the water utility and water responsibility attitudes. Cooperative members trust their water utility more, but have a lower sense of responsibility to conserve compared to municipal or investor-owned firm (IOF) customers. Although, ownership structure did not directly influence self-reported water conservation behavior, the study offers support for Alphabet Theory and TPB, and also introduces ownership structure (specifically cooperative ownership) into the water behavior equation as a contextual variable that has an indirect effect on self-reported water behavior.
The highly acclaimed manual for changing everyday habits-now in an all-newthird edition! We are consuming resources and polluting our environment at a rate that is outstripping our planet's ability to support us. To create a sustainable future, we must not only change our own actions, we must educate and encourage those around us to change theirs. If one individual recycles his plastic containers, the impact is minimal. But if an entire community recycles, enormous amounts of resources are saved. How then do we go about transforming people's good intentions into action? Fostering Sustainable Behavior explains how the field of community-based social marketing has emerged as an effective tool for encouraging positive social change. This completely revised and updated third edition contains a wealth of new research, behavior change tools, and case studies. Learn how to: target unsustainable behaviors, and identify the barriers to change understand various commitment strategies communicate effective messages enhance motivation and invite participation. The strategies introduced in this ground-breaking manual are an invaluable resource for anyone interested in promoting sustainable behavior, including environmental conservation, recycling and waste reduction, water and energyefficiency and alternative transportation.