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Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.
Disease Pathways: An Atlas of Human Disease Signaling Pathways is designed to fill a void of illustrated reviews about the cellular mechanisms of human diseases. It covers 42 of the most common non-oncologic diseases and illustrates the connections between the molecular causes of the disease and its symptoms. This resource provides readers with detailed information about the disease molecular pathways, while keeping the presentation simple. Pathway models that aggregate the knowledge about protein–protein interactions have become indispensable tools in many areas of molecular biology, pharmacology, and medicine. In addition to disease pathways, the book includes a comprehensive overview of molecular signaling biology and application of pathway models in the analysis of big data for drug discovery and personalized medicine. This is a must-have reference for general biologists, biochemists, students, medical workers, and everyone interested in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human disease. - Over 145 full-color illustrations of the molecular and cellular cascades underlying the disease pathology. - Disease pathways are based on computational models from Elsevier's Disease Pathway Collection, published for the first time outside of Pathway Studio® commercial software. - Each relationship on the pathway models is supported by references to scientific articles and can be examined at freely available online resources.
Jim Knut Larsson establishes that the foundation for freewill, meaning and purpose is anchored in the latest findings in quantum mechanics and cosmology-empowering us to create the future. The Human Pathway is destined to become the catalyst for a transformation in politics, justice, government, economics and spiritualism. What choices does humanity need to make now, in order to avoid destruction? What goals can we set up to maximize meaning and purpose both for the individual and also for all of humanity? The Human Pathway might be the most important, inspiring and interesting book you will ever read. Our future depends upon your participation! Also included as an addendum: "What to do in case of arrest!" It could save your life or ... someone close to you! A must read! Some more questions ... What is "enlightenment"? Why the earth created humans? What would be the ultimate goals for humanity? How can you unleash your creative powers and create your own future? Why every act, movement and thought is a manifestation of freewill and why it affects the evolution of the universe? Why the living standard in the US declines daily? Why there are more than 3 million people in jail and more than 50 million with a criminal record? People in America always talk about "they". "Back then, 'they' castrated people who were homosexuals. "They" had strict laws against sodomy." They" did radiation experiments on the population. The question is; who are "they"? Revelation: Does it matter if you are resurrected at some point in the future? It is your desire to know the "truth" that drives your desire for resurrection. You will live forever as long as humanity-or if human intelligence lives on forever-because what is living, even if your ego is dead, is you being one with humanity. Individuals only manifest by their "clinging" to their egos. This "clinging" prevents you from becoming creative, happy and blissful. If you get rid of your ego, which should be everybody's goal, you will dedicate yourself to the eternal "now" and to serve humanity. A great quest is to help humanity reach its highest potential and to achieve "absolute" knowledge, "finish" the creation of the universe and acquire the power to recreate everything that existed forever. Then, at that point, you will be resurrected! However there is a final revelation and, if it is revealed to you, it will give you "absolute" knowledge and peace. This final revelation is the logical conclusion of this book. Understand what is written and the truth will be revealed to you. When it is, you will understand that it cannot be directly communicated and understood by others unless they have the same revelation! You will know that you have the final knowledge when you get the revelation and you don't need to seek validation for it! However, you want to share it with others! Study the revelations in this book and hopefully you will get it. You will know it when you do. We need to dismantle many laws and make society free again. We must get the government out of our lives. The benefit you get from reading my book is that you will be able to see through the myths. When you read my book, you will become an enlightened person. Actually after you read this book you will say, "I'm enlightened now". You will have revelations that will make you enjoy life more and become a happier person, but also you will no longer be seduced by propaganda. This, in the end, is a book of cosmic and spiritual enlightenment and enlightenment with regard to politics, economics and justice. What does it mean to be an enlightened person who helps secure the future prosperity and excitement of living for yourself and for humanity as a whole? Another bonus from this book is that you may no longer fear death. You will become a participant in the conversation and the future goals and aspirations of humanity.
This book, combining and updating two previous editions, is a unique source of information on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of metabolic diseases. The clinical and laboratory data characteristic of rare metabolic conditions can be bewildering for both clinicians and laboratory personnel. Reference laboratory data are scattered, and clinical descriptions may be obscure. The Physician’s Guide documents the features of more than five hundred conditions, grouped according to type of disorder, organ system affected (e.g. liver, kidney, etc) or phenotype (e.g. neurological, hepatic, etc). Relevant clinical findings are provided and pathological values for diagnostic metabolites highlighted. Guidance on appropriate biochemical genetic testing is provided. Established experimental therapeutic protocols are described, with recommendations on follow-up and monitoring. The authors are acknowledged experts, and the book will be a valuable desk reference for all who deal with inherited metabolic diseases.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.
Describes individual genes and/or phenotypes representing individual genes.
Violent conflicts today are complex and increasingly protracted, involving more nonstate groups and regional and international actors. It is estimated that by 2030—the horizon set by the international community for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals—more than half of the world’s poor will be living in countries affected by high levels of violence. Information and communication technology, population movements, and climate change are also creating shared risks that must be managed at both national and international levels. Pathways for Peace is a joint United Nations†“World Bank Group study that originates from the conviction that the international community’s attention must urgently be refocused on prevention. A scaled-up system for preventive action would save between US$5 billion and US$70 billion per year, which could be reinvested in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of populations. The study aims to improve the way in which domestic development processes interact with security, diplomacy, mediation, and other efforts to prevent conflicts from becoming violent. It stresses the importance of grievances related to exclusion—from access to power, natural resources, security and justice, for example—that are at the root of many violent conflicts today. Based on a review of cases in which prevention has been successful, the study makes recommendations for countries facing emerging risks of violent conflict as well as for the international community. Development policies and programs must be a core part of preventive efforts; when risks are high or building up, inclusive solutions through dialogue, adapted macroeconomic policies, institutional reform, and redistributive policies are required. Inclusion is key, and preventive action needs to adopt a more people-centered approach that includes mainstreaming citizen engagement. Enhancing the participation of women and youth in decision making is fundamental to sustaining peace, as well as long-term policies to address the aspirations of women and young people.
This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.