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Description: Commentators across the political spectrum are pointing to the German system of local banks as a model for Britain to emulate. Much like our own banks, the big German commercial banks cut lending to businesses after the crisis in 2008, but the local German Savings Banks increased their loans, providing vital support for the wider economy in difficult times. In this report, Christopher Simpson explains how these local German Savings Banks (Sparkassen) operate. He describes the history, structure and organisation of the Sparkassen, which are only allowed to lend within a geographically defined area and, as a result, develop close relationships with their customers. They are publicly-owned but independent organisations with the 'common good' objective of supporting sustainable economic development rather than maximising profit.
Germany's Sparkassen are publicly held savings banks. No other advanced industrial economy relies as heavily on such small, publicly-owned financial institutions to fuel its economy. Mark Cassell explores the unique entity that is the German public banking system and the lessons it offers to banking systems worldwide.
Written by a team of scholars, predominantly from the Centre for Financial Studies in Frankfurt, this volume provides a descriptive survey of the present state of the German financial system and a new analytical framework to explain its workings.
German banks tend to be less profitable than their foreign counterparts. This paper estimates the likely effect of the phaseout of state guarantees for public sector banks, reviews the various ways in which public policy could contribute to their restructuring, and discusses the various arguments for and against public involvement in banking.
Germany is clearly the dominant economic force in Europe. It occupies the pivotal position of being at the centre of both the EC and of attempts to rebuild the economies of East Central Europe. The German Economy traces the various aspects of German policy and growth, concentrating in particular on the last two decades. These include: the German economy in perspective the regional dimension fiscal policy monetary policy social policy the labour market banking and finance industry, trade and economic policy. In The German Economy Eric Owen Smith has produced the only comprehensive account of the contemporary German economy currently available in English.
This book provides an up-to-date overview of the development of the German financial system, with a particular focus on financialization and the financial crisis, topics that have increasingly gained attention since the crisis and the discussion on the secular stagnation started. The authors of the book—economists who have conducted extensive research in this area—offer a perspective on the financial system in the context of its importance for the overall economic system. The book not only provides detailed insights into Germany’s financial system; it also takes a broader perspective on finance and connects it with current macroeconomic developments in Germany.
This book investigates the main features of the evolution of the co-operative banking model in European countries, using 'country case-study' analysis. Structured in two parts, the first deals with a sample of countries that joined the European Union before 2000; the second part with a sample of newly-admitted European Union member countries.
This open access book examines a particular factor in the enduring international success of German companies. Beyond industrial specialization, peaceful labor relations, local financial markets and the "miracle of the Mittelstand", it focuses on a characteristic aspect of governance within the German economy: The Chambers of commerce and industry. Important characteristics of the Chamber system are emphasized - including obligatory membership for firms as well as participatory rules of their self-administration. In turn, the book examines the institution's self-governance, its services, and its mission regarding the general representation of interests. Moreover, the book also identifies the advancement of the dual system of professional education as a central element of the Chamber system. Following an introduction about how the Chamber system works, interviews, case studies and historical explanations help to exemplify the true spirit inherent to this form of representation. In particular, they reveal the essence of how the Chambers contribute to the global success of German companies and foster their corporate responsibility in a practical way. Given its scope, the book will be of particular interest to professionals, policymakers and researchers concerned with how institutional organization can support commerce and industry for the public good. The book was developed in collaboration with Laura Sasse and the Practical Wisdom Society.--
This book analyses the widely-held view of the merits of the 'bank-based' German system of finance for investment, and shows that this view is not supported by evidence from the post-war period. The institutional features of the German system are such that universal banks have control of voting rights at shareholders' meetings due to proxy votes, and they also have representation on companies' supervisory boards. These features are claimed to have two main benefits. One is that the German system reduces asymmetric information problems, enabling banks to supply more external finance to firms at a lower cost, and thus increasing investment. The other is that German banks are able to mould and control managements of firms on behalf of shareholders, and thus ensure that firms are run efficiently. This book assesses whether empirical evidence backs up these claims, and shows that the merits of the German system are largely myths.
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 2,7, University of Hohenheim, course: Risiko in der Ökonomischen Welt, language: English, abstract: 1 Introduction Risk Concentration in loan portfolios endanger the safeness of banks and reduce their profitability. Savings Banks and Credit Unions, as small banks which are specialized on geographic regions, are supposed to show high risk concentration in their loan portfolios and perform weakly. This paper will analyse the consequences of the “Regional Principle“ of the German Savings banks and Credit Unions on the risk concentration in their loan portfolios. One main subject is to show the positive and negative impacts of both strategies, specialization and diversification, on risk concentration, and to explain under which circumstances a bank should decide to specialize or to diversify. Furthermore possibilities will be presented to profit from both strategies thanks to credit risk tranfer by new financial products. The Regional Principle, its origin and and how it determines the strategy of Savings Banks and Credit Unions will be observed in the first part. Further I will explain why they can be considered as a homogenous group of banks. Within the second part will be presented the importance and the sources of concentration risks. Under which circumstances a Financial Institute should specialize or diversify, advantages and disadvantages and the trade off between both strategies will be presented in chapter three. As Savings Banks and Credit Unions would be better off within a regional diversification strategy, in chapter five will be presented the possibility of diversification under the use of derivatives and asset backed securities. Finally the paper will end with a conclusion considering results in wider context of Savings Banks and Credit Unions.