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Every good mathematical book stands like a tree with its roots in the past and its branches stretching out towards the future. Whether the fruits of this tree are desirable and whether the branches will be quarried for mathematical wood to build further edifices, I will leave to the judgment of history. The roots of this book take nourishment from the concept of definite integration of continuous functions, where Riemann's method is the high water mark of the simpler theory.
A complete theory of integration as it appears in geometric and physical problems must include integration over oriented r-dimensional domains in n-space; both the integrand and the domain may be variable. This is the primary subject matter of the present book, designed to bring out the underlying geometric and analytic ideas and to give clear and complete proofs of the basic theorems. Originally published in 1957. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
The real numbers. Point sets and sequences -- Euclidean space. Topology and continuous functions -- Abstract spaces -- The theory of measure -- The Lebesgue integral -- Integration by the Daniell method -- Iterated integrals and Fubini's theorem -- The theory of signed measures -- Functions of one real variable.
Uniting a variety of approaches to the study of integration, a well-known professor presents a single-volume "blend of the particular and the general, of the concrete and the abstract." 1966 edition.
Presenting the various approaches to the study of integration, a well-known mathematics professor brings together in one volume "a blend of the particular and the general, of the concrete and the abstract." This volume is suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate courses as well as for independent study. 1966 edition.
Readership: Mathematicians, physicists and engineers.
This textbook provides a detailed treatment of abstract integration theory, construction of the Lebesgue measure via the Riesz-Markov Theorem and also via the Carathéodory Theorem. It also includes some elementary properties of Hausdorff measures as well as the basic properties of spaces of integrable functions and standard theorems on integrals depending on a parameter. Integration on a product space, change of variables formulas as well as the construction and study of classical Cantor sets are treated in detail. Classical convolution inequalities, such as Young's inequality and Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality are proven. The Radon-Nikodym theorem, notions of harmonic analysis, classical inequalities and interpolation theorems, including Marcinkiewicz's theorem, the definition of Lebesgue points and Lebesgue differentiation theorem are further topics included. A detailed appendix provides the reader with various elements of elementary mathematics, such as a discussion around the calculation of antiderivatives or the Gamma function. The appendix also provides more advanced material such as some basic properties of cardinals and ordinals which are useful in the study of measurability.​
This book provides the first English translation of Bezout's masterpiece, the General Theory of Algebraic Equations. It follows, by almost two hundred years, the English translation of his famous mathematics textbooks. Here, Bézout presents his approach to solving systems of polynomial equations in several variables and in great detail. He introduces the revolutionary notion of the "polynomial multiplier," which greatly simplifies the problem of variable elimination by reducing it to a system of linear equations. The major result presented in this work, now known as "Bézout's theorem," is stated as follows: "The degree of the final equation resulting from an arbitrary number of complete equations containing the same number of unknowns and with arbitrary degrees is equal to the product of the exponents of the degrees of these equations." The book offers large numbers of results and insights about conditions for polynomials to share a common factor, or to share a common root. It also provides a state-of-the-art analysis of the theories of integration and differentiation of functions in the late eighteenth century, as well as one of the first uses of determinants to solve systems of linear equations. Polynomial multiplier methods have become, today, one of the most promising approaches to solving complex systems of polynomial equations or inequalities, and this translation offers a valuable historic perspective on this active research field.
This book presents a historical development of the integration theories of Riemann, Lebesgue, Henstock-Kurzweil, and McShane, showing how new theories of integration were developed to solve problems that earlier theories could not handle. It develops the basic properties of each integral in detail and provides comparisons of the different integrals. The chapters covering each integral are essentially independent and can be used separately in teaching a portion of an introductory course on real analysis. There is a sufficient supply of exercises to make the book useful as a textbook.
The theory of integration is one of the twin pillars on which analysis is built. The first version of integration that students see is the Riemann integral. Later, graduate students learn that the Lebesgue integral is ?better? because it removes some restrictions on the integrands and the domains over which we integrate. However, there are still drawbacks to Lebesgue integration, for instance, dealing with the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, or with ?improper? integrals. This book is an introduction to a relatively new theory of the integral (called the ?generalized Riemann integral? or the ?Henstock-Kurzweil integral?) that corrects the defects in the classical Riemann theory and both simplifies and extends the Lebesgue theory of integration. Although this integral includes that of Lebesgue, its definition is very close to the Riemann integral that is familiar to students from calculus. One virtue of the new approach is that no measure theory and virtually no topology is required. Indeed, the book includes a study of measure theory as an application of the integral. Part 1 fully develops the theory of the integral of functions defined on a compact interval. This restriction on the domain is not necessary, but it is the case of most interest and does not exhibit some of the technical problems that can impede the reader's understanding. Part 2 shows how this theory extends to functions defined on the whole real line. The theory of Lebesgue measure from the integral is then developed, and the author makes a connection with some of the traditional approaches to the Lebesgue integral. Thus, readers are given full exposure to the main classical results. The text is suitable for a first-year graduate course, although much of it can be readily mastered by advanced undergraduate students. Included are many examples and a very rich collection of exercises. There are partial solutions to approximately one-third of the exercises. A complete solutions manual is available separately.