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From the back cover: In this study, economist Ross Perry shows that all indicators point to a further restriction in the Canadian auto industry, resulting in further shrinkage of employment and the possibility of a major deterioration in the country's balance of payments. While the objective of the Auto Pact and Canadian automotive trade policy has always been job creation, Perry concludes that it will be increasingly difficult for the Canadian industry to be both viable and to generate jobs for the industrial heartland of Southern Ontario. Perry examines areas of specialization where Canada, with its advantages in energry-intensive products, could be competitive in the world market, and he outlines the two basic options for national policymakers - restructuring the industry for viability or resisting its decline.
The 1985 edition of Canada Among Nations examines the reshaping of Canadian foreign policy that characterized the Mulroney Conservative government's first full year in power. Initially the new government's handling of foreign policy was marred by indecision and internal tension. By the end of 1985, however, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's ad hoc interventions on foreign affairs had ceased, and the move to a more formal decision-making process accompanied a rise in the influence of External Affairs Minister Joe Clark. This edition of Canada Among Nations analyses the Mulroney government's agenda-setting experience from a range of perspectives: international security, the economy, relations with the Third World and the federal policy-making process.
Canada and the United States signed the Automotive Products Trade Agreement (Auto Pact) in 1965, thus resolving a competitive crisis in Canada's auto industry and extending that industry's vitality for another 35 years, until a decision of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in February 2000 determined that the Pact violated international trading rules. Following an unsuccessful appeal by Canada to the WTO's Appellate Body, the pact formally came to an end in February 2001. For policymakers and scholars concerned with international trade, the story of the Pact presents a fascinating case in its own right. The great value of this remarkable book, however, is its elucidation of the main issue underlying the Pact and its forced ending: the relationship between international trade rules on the one hand and investment measures intended to encourage local economic activity on the other. In this connection the Canadian auto industry and– centered in Windsor, Ontario, directly across the river from Detroit, the heart of the industry in the U.S.and– offers an intensely concentrated sample of the triple nexus of investment, labour and trade that lies at the core of economic development worldwide. Sixteen expert authors, both practitioners and academics, here open perspectives on this nexus that are of profound significance for the future of international trade. These encompass such matters as the following: and•the vulnerabilities of a local community dependent on trade and open borders; and•labour union tensions engendered by trade rule 'levelling' that takes little or no account of national or local economic realities; and•implications for developing countries of the WTO finding that a production-to-sales ratio is a prohibited export subsidy; and•the impact of Mexico's role under NAFTA on the Canadian auto industry; national and local regulation of government subsidies intended to attract investment; and•ongoing multinational efforts to create a multilateral regime to protect and regulate foreign direct investment; and and•the persistent failure of the WTO to reach a consensus on labour standards despite the clear provisions of major international law instruments. All these issues and more are brought into sharp focus by the history of the Auto Pact and the implications of its demise. For this reason, this collection of insightful essays will be of incomparable value to professionals in every area of international trade. The Auto Pact: Investment, Labour and the WTO was produced with the support of the Canadian-American Research Centre for Law and Policy at the Faculty of Law, University of Windsor.
The auto sector is North America’s most iconic of industries. Since the North American Free Trade Agreement came into existence in 1994, the sector has undergone tremendous change: escalating concerns around climate change, advances in electric and automated vehicles, deindustrialization/reindustrialization, and the rise of low-cost locations as hubs for manufacturing. The North American Auto Industry since NAFTA examines the issues that have preoccupied the development of policy associated with the manufacture of automobiles in North America. The collection addresses the punctuations that have afflicted the industry since NAFTA’s implementation as well as the slower, incremental evolutions that have also occurred. Several aspects of automobility and the industry are explored, including but not limited to the Canadian, American, and Mexican automotive sectors and their evolution and interaction under evolving trade regimes. The book analyses issues surrounding labour, technology, trade policy, regional development, the environment, and broader societal impacts of the automobile. It also draws on the expertise of a wide cross-section of industry experts and scholars to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the automotive industry and its central role in North America’s economic, business, and political landscape.
Analysing developments in digital technologies and institutional changes, this book provides an overview of the current frenetic state of transformation within the global automobile industry. An ongoing transition brought about by the relocation of marketing, design and production centres to emerging economies, and experimentation with new mobility systems such as electrical, autonomous vehicles, this process poses the question as to how original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and newcomers can remain competitive and ensure sustainability. With contributions from specialists in the automobile sector, this collection examines the shifts in power and geographical location occurring in the industry, and outlines the key role that public policy has in generating innovation in entrepreneurial states. Offering useful insights into the challenges facing emerging economies in their attempts to grow within the automobile industry, this book will provide valuable reading for those researching internationalization and emerging markets, business strategy and more specifically, the automotive industry.
Canadians fell in love with the car at first glance. They were scared by it too, and by its potential. Canada was quick to become a car nation, as the automobile was enthusiastically adopted by Prairie grain farmers, the new modern woman, travellers to the north, and rough-and-tumble adventurers looking for a thrill by traversing the immense length of the country. The automobile was the symbol of the modern Canada of the twentieth century, and the final victory of technology over landscape. Canadians were building cars from the beginning. Independent firms and branches of the big American manufacturers vied for the lucrative Canadian market. Automaking has been an integral part of Canada's economy since the car's introduction. For more than a century, Canadians have lived with this automobile revolution, and all the consequences and permutations that it represents. Blending social, cultural and economic history, Dimitry Anastakis's engaging text tells the fascinating story of the car across Canada from earliest days, when cars and horses jockeyed for parking space, to the multilane freeways of the twenty-first century.
At the time of the U.S.-Japan auto conferences in March 1983, the hoped-for economic recovery as manifested in auto sales had revealed itself quite modestly. Three months later, the indicators were more robust and certainly long overdue for those whose livelihood depends on the health of the industry--some of whom are university professors. With Japanese import restrictions in place until March 1984 and drastically reduced break-even points for domestic manufactures, rising consumer demand holds great promise for the industry. The rapidly rising stock prices of the auto-makers captures well the sense of heightened optimism, as do the various forecasts for improved profits. While the news is certainly welcome, it nevertheless should be greeted with caution. As Mr. Perkins noted at the conference, "we have a tendency to forget things very quickly. If we have a boom market this year, there is a good chance that a lot of things we learned will be forgotten." To put the matter differently and more bluntly, with growing prosperity there is the risk that management will fall back into old habits, making impossible the achievement of sustained quality and productivity improvement. Similarly, the commitment to develop cooperative relations with workers and suppliers will weaken. The union will be under membership pressure to retrieve concessions rather than to take the longer-term view. This longer-term view recognizes that "up-front increases" and adherence to existing work rules increasingly come at the sacrifice of future job security. Government policymakers will turn their attention away from the industry. This may not mean a great deal given how weakly focused their attentions has been during the last three years and how mixed and contradictory government auto policies have been for over a decade.
Changes in the dynamics of economic activities since the last decades of the 20th century have yielded major changes in the composition of industries and the division of labor and production across different regions of the world. Despite these shifts in the global economy, some industries have remained competitive even without relocating their operations overseas. Industries and Global Competition examines how and why the specificities of certain industries and firms determined their choice of location and competitiveness. This volume identifies the major drivers of this process and explains why some firms and industries moved to other parts of world while others did not. Relocation was not the sole determinant of the success or failure of firms and industries. Indeed some were able to reinvent themselves at their original location and build new competitive advantages. The path that each industry or firm took varied. This book argues that the specific characteristics of each industry defined the conditions of competitiveness and provide a wide range of cases as illustrations. Aimed at scholars, researchers and acadmeics in the fields of business history, international business and related disciplines Industries and Global Competition exmaines the unique questions; How and why did the specificities of certain industries and firms determine their choice of location and competitiveness? Chapter 11 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.