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The Florida Area Cumulus Experiment (FACE) has developed as the logical extension of the successful series of single cloud experiments conducted by NOAA's Experimental Meteorology Laboratory (now the Cumulus Group of the National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory) over the Caribbean and Florida. Although the results of FACE studies have been painstakingly reported in the literature, conversations with colleagues have made it obvious that the empirical and theoretical foundations for this experiment are not well understood. Confusion still exists in the minds of some as to the rationale for FACE and its design. The need exists then for a detailed exposition of all aspects of the FACE effort for consideration and discussion by the scientific community. With this report we attempt to fulfill this need.
Extrapolation of the data to the surface yields a stress that agrees very well with that calculated from a diagnostic application of the Deardorff parameterization scheme. The virtual heat flux profile, determined entirely from conventional measurements, is fairly consistent with that observed in the fair weather trade wind regime. From near-surface extrapolated momentum and virtual heat fluxes, a Monin-Obukov length is computed to indicate that the low-layer turbulence is principally shear-induced. This indication is substantiated by the budget of turbulence kinetic energy, which shows an overall predominance of shear over buoyancy production. In the lowest levels there is an approximate balance among shear production, convergence of the vertical transport, and viscous dissipation of the turbulence kinetic energy. At the upper mixed-layer levels, all of the calculable production terms are negligible in comparison with destruction through dissipation.