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This agreement was signed on the 21st of January 1948. It relaced the Malayan Union in which the region was a single British Crown Colony. The Federation agreement restored the symbolic rule of several Malayan rulers.
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This study of nationalism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union develops an original account of the interlocking and opposed nationalisms of national minorities, the nationalizing states in which they live, and the external national homelands to which they are linked by external ties.
Most Muslim-majority countries have legal systems that enshrine both Islam and liberal rights. While not necessarily at odds, these dual commitments nonetheless provide legal and symbolic resources for activists to advance contending visions for their states and societies. Using the case study of Malaysia, Constituting Religion examines how these legal arrangements enable litigation and feed the construction of a 'rights-versus-rites binary' in law, politics, and the popular imagination. By drawing on extensive primary source material and tracing controversial cases from the court of law to the court of public opinion, this study theorizes the 'judicialization of religion' and the radiating effects of courts on popular legal and religious consciousness. The book documents how legal institutions catalyze ideological struggles, which stand to redefine the nation and its politics. Probing the links between legal pluralism, social movements, secularism, and political Islamism, Constituting Religion sheds new light on the confluence of law, religion, politics, and society. This title is also available as Open Access.
Malaysia came into existence on 9/16/63 as a federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah (North Borneo), and Sarawak; in 1965 Singapore withdrew from the federation. Offers an in-depth and detailed analysis of the political processes that led to formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. It argues that the Malaysia that came into being following the amalgamation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo was a political creation whose only rationale was that it served a convergence of political and economic expediency for the departing colonial power, the Malayan leadership and the ruling party of self-governing Singapore. 'Greater Malaysia' was thus an artificial political entity, the outcome of a concatenation of interests and motives of a number of political actors in London and Southeast Asia from the 1950s to the early 1960s. This led to a number of unresolved compromises between Singapore and Kuala Lumpur and did not obviate the possibility of future difficulties, and the seeds of dissension sown by the disagreements between the two governments were to sprout into major crises during Singapore's brief history in the Federation of Malaysia.
Fernando examines important aspects of the drafting of 1957 Federation of Malaya constitution related to the system of governance, division of legislative and executive powers, the conceptualisation of citizenship and the roles of the judiciary and election commission. The book sheds new light on the balances that the Reid Commission sought to embed in the constitution and the historical constitutional debates and discussions which greatly shaped the framing of the new federal constitution between 1956 and 1957. Drawing on historical evidence mainly from declassified primary constitutional documents, it analyses the submissions, debates and discussions among the framers and various interest groups during the drafting of the constitution between 1956 and 1957 to discern more clearly the intentions of the framers on many aspects of governance and distribution of powers embedded in the constitutional provisions. This book reveals more deeply the nature and complexity of the constitutional issues faced by the framers and how they attempted to reach compromises between the various interest groups in Malaya. It is a valuable resource for scholars and academics of Malaysian, Asian and Commonwealth constitutional history as well as those interested in history, law, political science and important aspects of governance and distribution of powers in the system of parliamentary democracy.
Addressing questions such as, how should historians treat the earlier pasts of each country and the nationalism that guided the nation-building tasks, this book tries to put them not only in the perspective of Southeast Asian developments of the past five decades, but also the larger areas of historiography.