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The challenges that face student-athletes when they retire from formal sport participation coincides with their loss of their athletic identity (how much they identify with their athlete role), often geographic upheaval, uncertainty of the future regarding alternate roles, and change in social support systems, which make this period more difficult to adjust to. This study explored the experiences of the retirement transition of graduating student-athletes. The current study aims to examine this unique experience through qualitative investigation into the collective experiences of student-athletes to identify overarching relevant themes common throughout this experience. The participants were 13 student-athletes who graduated in the Spring Semester of 2017 (May- June 2017), played their sport at a National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Institution at the Varsity level, and were not continuing to play their sport at the elite level. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants between five and eight months post-graduation. Thematic analysis was used to categorize participants' responses and allow for an in-depth investigation of different factors affecting personal adjustment throughout this period. The five overarching themes identified were: the need for social connection, the impact of a goal-oriented mindset, preparedness for the transition, translatable skills from being a student-athlete, and the perspective of their own identity and purpose. The ability to shift perspective to retrospectively appreciate the student-athlete experience, while incorporating it as one part of their overall life journey, is discussed as a protective factor for positive transition outcomes. As the large majority of collegiate athletes do not continue to play their sport professionally, this population is in high need of continued guidance. The present work can inform interventions to aid student-athletes in this difficult transitional period. Mentorship from previously graduated student-athletes, coaches, or administrative programs are suggested as a tangible positive intervention strategy based off of the results.
The intent of this research study was to determine the degree of influence that athletic identity had on the transitional experience of former collegiate athletes. Current research has suggested that athletes often experience adjustment difficulties when coping with retirement and lower rates of achieving career and life satisfaction outside of the sports environment. The primary focus of this study was to explore the relationship between athletic identity and the transition process for athletes after sports retirement. The data collected from this study indicate a relationship between athletic identity and the transitional experience outcomes of former collegiate athletes. Results of the study provide intercollegiate athletics practitioners with the implications of lessening the exclusiveness of athletic identity for this special group of students in order to improve an athlete's psychological disposition, career maturity and ability to achieve life satisfaction after sports retirement.
Retirement from elite sport can be highly distressing for athletes, and many athletes report elevated depression and anxiety or body dissatisfaction when going through this transition. Factors that may be important in determining a higher level of adjustment in retirement include feeling in control of when and how retirement occurs, planning occupationally for after sport, and having achieved sport goals. Thus, we examined how such factors related to former female collegiate athletes (N = 218) satisfaction with life, depression, and body satisfaction. Two to six years post retirement, athletes completed an online questionnaire that measured their satisfaction with life, depressive symptomatology, and body satisfaction; retirement factors were measured by the 12-items from the BALANCE scale. Through regression analyses, we examined the extent to which each of the 12 retirement factors is related to life satisfaction, depression, and body satisfaction; time since retirement was unrelated to these outcomes. Future research might address the transition immediately following retirement utilizing these factors that appear most influential.
Is there life after sports? Athletes are accustomed to the end of a game, a match, or a season. But are they ready for the end fo their career? At some point, every athlete must contend with retirement from sports. For college athletes, retirement often coincides with graduation. These significant milestones can elicit anticipation or trepidation. Many athletes have spent most of their lives engaged in their sport. To an occupational therapist, this athletic engagement presents a unique occupation. Many athletes begin participation in sports as a leisure activity in youth, later transforming into identity and self-care necessities, and even progressing into a work-like pursuit, only to abruptly cease at the end of college. Reviewing the literature on the athletic retirement transition uncovers athletes' struggles as they withdraw from competitive sports. There is little evidence, however, exploring the athletic retirement transition from an occupational therapy (OT) perspective. This capstone project reviews the evidence, exmaines OT implications, and illustrates the development of a transitional retirement program for collegiate athletes informed through occupation-based models of practice addressing the retirement transition through the unique lens of OT.
There appears to be a gap in the literature when it comes to examining the role that grief and loss might play while athletes undergo the reconstruction of their identity post-sport. Navigating Athletic Identity, Retirement Transitions, and Self-Discovery: Exiting the Arena investigates the long and often studied concept of identity in athletes from the perspective of transitioning identity as a potential form of loss. Ultimately, we posit that identity transition should also be understood as a form of identity loss, and research conceptualizing the grieving process that athletes experience in that transition should be studied more deeply.
Following their participation in athletics after their collegiate retirement, this research examines whether there is a relationship between college athletes' mental health and their athletic identity. Specifically, it examines whether athletic retirement leads to anxiety and depression. Participants will be asked to answer a survey that relates to their athletic identity, and the occurrence of symptoms related to depression and anxiety at different periods of their collegiate career and after their athletic retirement. Results are predicted to demonstrate a significant relationship between retired athletes' level of athletic identity and the prevalence of depression and anxiety following cessation of athletics. However, this effect is likely to be moderated by their participation in athletic endeavors post-graduation. Future research should explore athletes' identity and their mental health throughout their careers and after retirement.
"The first book of its kind, the Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology contains an extensive array of chapters on theories, research, and applications authored by a host of international experts." "This valuable resource not only covers what is presently known in sport psychology, but extends to the frontiers of investigation, where conclusions have yet to be drawn. The authors emphasize a comprehensive treatment of each research area cited and link findings and methods throughout the Handbook's entire research collection." "Ultimately, this book provides its readers with useful theoretical explanations for current findings in sport psychology and guides them to new areas of research activity." "The Handbook's forty-four chapters begin with a general orientation on research in sport psychology. The book goes on to cover a variety of specialized areas of research and influence in the field. The second section deals with assessment of skill acquisition, followed by a section on psychological characteristics and high-level performance. Another section deals with social-cognitive dimensions of motivation, leading to a discussion of research on popular psychological techniques that may enhance athletic performance." "Social factors such as socialization, moral psychology, and the impact of spectators on athletic performance are addressed, followed by a specific consideration of group structure, leadership, and group psychology. Also assessed are the connections between sport and life-span development, including age, gender, and enhancement of the quality of life. The coverage of specific research topics concludes with discussions on exercise and health psychology." "The Handbook goes on to explore research methodology in a stimulating section on psychometrics. Analyses of research paradigms and protocols typically used in sport psychology are provided, as well as suggestions on how to improve current research methods. The final section of the book addresses moral and professional-ethical issues in sport psychology and how they are being resolved today. Extensive bibliographies are appended to chapters throughout the book." "The Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology is an invaluable resource for every college and university library, sport psychologist, athlete, and coach. Sport psychology professors should also seriously consider the adoption of this text for their graduate classes and as a sourcebook for research in the field."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Collegiate athletes have spent their athletic career growing their athletic identity and are given significant support throughout their time in college, and so, the transition into retirement can be difficult and often cause a sense of loss with the end of their athletic career. This transition from college into sports retirement can be affected by a variety of different factors and influences on the individual and their experiences. This mixed methods, phenomenological study looked at the impact of athletic identity on both male and female athletes as they transitioned into retirement, focusing on Division I baseball and softball athletes. These participants were asked to answer the AIMS-Plus questionnaire and participate in an open-ended interview looking retrospectively at their collegiate career and transition into retirement. The results of the AIMS-Plus questionnaires revealed five athletes with high athletic identity (scores 1467-2200), three females and two males, and five athletes with moderate athletic identity (scores 1466-733), three males and two females. The data analysis of the interviews found the common positive factors influencing an athletes transition were outside interests, support from family and teammates, and continued relationship with their sport. The negative factors were involuntary retirement, the time commitment of their college program, and the lack of support from their programs after retirement. Injury was found to be both a positive and negative factor in transitioning depending on the individuals' relationship with the injury. Participants with a higher athletic identity, scored through the AIMS-Plus questionnaire, used language of depression and reported a sense of loss. Some participants reported their athletic identity helping them transition into their next career, focusing on the skills they had learned through athletics. In the reflections of these participants it was found that they wished there was a program in place to aid them into retirement with emphasis on career planning, support groups, and nutrition and exercise education. In summary, the experiences of collegiate athletes transitioning into retirement is influenced by a variety of factors and highly individual. The clinical significance of this research should provide future research into implementing support programs for collegiate athletes transitioning into retirement.
"Introduction: Despite the substantial amount of literature on career transitions in sport, there is insufficient research examining the social support system within college athletics as it is an important resource for student-athletes, especially for their success later in life. Likewise, there are currently no studies exploring athletic retirement from the perspective of student-athlete support or development services, a section of athletic departments that provides programming for the success of their student-athletes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the implications of athletic retirement from the perspective of directors and/or associate directors of student-athlete support or development services of NCAA Division I universities. Methods/Data Analysis: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants (n = 8) to explore their perceptions about the factors that lead to a successful or unsuccessful transition out of sport. Participants further described how their current services and programs helped student-athletes overcome the obstacles of this transitional period. Results: An inductive data analysis was used to organize participants' responses into themes and subthemes related to the original research questions. Although programming varied by institution, the participants observed that most of their student-athletes experienced a successful transition out of sport as their services and programs helped them effectively cope with the demands of athletic retirement. When participants did cite problems with the process of athletic retirement, they reported issues surrounding a salient athletic identity, such as a lack of career development, a sudden loss of the sport environment, and mental and physical health risks. Finally, participants believed that evidence-based services and programs need to be implemented to meet the needs of both current and former student-athletes. Implications for the programming of student-athlete support or development services and future research are discussed."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.