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This book gives a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the theory of "simple" liquids. The new second edition has been rearranged and considerably expanded to give a balanced account both of basic theory and of the advances of the past decade. It presents the main ideas of modern liquid state theory in a way that is both pedagogical and self-contained. The book should be accessible to graduate students and research workers, both experimentalists and theorists, who have a good background in elementary mechanics. - Compares theoretical deductions with experimental results - Molecular dynamics - Monte Carlo computations - Covers ionic, metallic, and molecular liquids
An Introduction to the Statistical Theory of Classical Simple Dense Fluids covers certain aspects of the study of dense fluids, based on the analysis of the correlation effects between representative small groupings of molecules. The book starts by discussing empirical considerations including the physical characteristics of fluids; measured molecular spatial distribution; scattering by a continuous medium; the radial distribution function; the mean potential; and the molecular motion in liquids. The text describes the application of the theories to the description of dense fluids (i.e. interparticle force, classical particle trajectories, and the Liouville Theorem) and the deduction of expressions for the fluid thermodynamic functions. The theory of equilibrium short-range order by using the concept of closure approximation or total correlation; some numerical consequences of the equilibrium theory; and irreversibility are also looked into. The book further tackles the kinetic derivation of the Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) equation; the statistical derivation of the MB equation; the movement to equilibrium; gas in a steady state; and viscosity and thermal conductivity. The text also discusses non-equilibrium liquids. Physicists, chemists, and engineers will find the book invaluable.
A monograph examining recent progress in the field of inhomogeneous fluids, focusing on the theoretical - as well as experimental - techniques used. It presents the comprehensive theory of first-order phase transitions, including melting, and contains numerous figures, tables and display equations.;The contributors treat such subjects as: exact sum rules for inhomogenous fluids, explaining density functional and integral equation methods; exact solutions for two-dimensional homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas; current advances in the theory of interfacial electrochemistry; wetting experiments and the theory of wetting; freezing, with an emphasis on quantum systems and homogeneous nucleation in liquid-vapour and solid-liquid transitions; self-organizing liquids as well as kinetic phenomena in inhomogeneous fluids, using a modified Enskog theory.;Featuring over 1000 bibliographic citations, this volume is aimed at physical, surface, colloid and surfactant chemists; also physicists, electrochemists and graduate-level students in these disciplines.
Comprehensive coverage of topics in the theory of classical liquids Widely regarded as the standard text in its field, Theory of Simple Liquids gives an advanced but self-contained account of liquid state theory within the unifying framework provided by classical statistical mechanics. The structure of this revised and updated Fourth Edition is similar to that of the previous one but there are significant shifts in emphasis and much new material has been added. Major changes and Key Features in content include: - Expansion of existing sections on simulation methods, liquid-vapour coexistence, the hierarchical reference theory of criticality, and the dynamics of super-cooled liquids. - New sections on binary fluid mixtures, surface tension, wetting, the asymptotic decay of pair correlations, fluids in porous media, the thermodynamics of glasses, and fluid flow at solid surfaces. - An entirely new chapter on applications to 'soft matter' of a combination of liquid state theory and coarse graining strategies, with sections on polymer solutions and polymer melts, colloidal dispersions, colloid-polymer mixtures, lyotropic liquid crystals, colloidal dynamics, and on clustering and gelation. - Expansion of existing sections on simulation methods, liquid-vapour coexistence, the hierarchian reference of criticality, and the dynamics of super-cooled liquids. - New sections on binary fluid mixtures, surface tension, wetting, the asymptotic decay of pair correlations, fluids in porous media, the thermodynamics of glasses, and fluid flow at solid surfaces. - An entirely new chapter on applications to 'soft matter' of a combination of liquid state theory and coarse graining strategies, with sections on polymer solutions and polymer melts, colloidal dispersions, colloid-polymer mixtures, lyotropic liquid crystals, colloidal dynamics, and on clustering and gelation.
This book, Perturbation Theories for the Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids and Solids, provides a comprehensive review of current perturbation theories—as well as integral equation theories and density functional theories—for the equilibrium thermodynamic and structural properties of classical systems. Emphasizing practical applications, the text avoids complex theoretical derivations as much as possible. It begins with discussions of the nature of intermolecular forces and simple potential models. The book also presents a summary of statistical mechanics concepts and formulae. In addition, it reviews simulation techniques, providing background for the performance analyses of theories executed throughout the text using simulation data. Chapters describe integral equation theories, theoretical approaches for hard-sphere fluid or solid systems, and perturbation theories for simple fluids and solids for monocomponent and multicomponent systems. They also cover density functional theories for inhomogeneous systems and perturbative and nonperturbative approaches to describe the structure and thermodynamics of hard-body molecular fluids. The final chapter examines several more challenging systems, such as fluids near the critical point, liquid metals, molten salts, colloids, and aqueous protein solutions. This book offers a thorough account of the available equilibrium theories for the thermodynamic and structural properties of fluids and solids, with special focus on perturbation theories, emphasizing their applications, strengths, and weaknesses. Appropriate for experienced researchers as well as postgraduate students, the text presents a wide-ranging yet detailed view and provides a useful guide to the application of the theories described.
An Introduction to the Liquid State focuses on the atomic motions and positions of liquids. Particularly given importance in this book are internal motion of molecules as a whole and the motion of atoms in a monatomic liquid. Divided into 16 chapters, the book opens by outlining the general properties of liquids, including a comparison of liquid argon and liquid sodium, discussions on theories and methods of studying the liquid state, and thermodynamic relationships. The book proceeds by defining the molecular distribution functions and equation of state, the potential function for non-conducting liquids and metals, and measurement of pair distribution function. Numerical analyses and representations are provided to simplify the functions of equations. The book discusses equilibrium properties wherein calculations on the state of gases and fluids are presented. The text also underlines space and time dependent correlation functions. Given emphasis in this part are neutron scattering, electromagnetic radiation, and various radiation scattering techniques. Other concerns discussed are diffusion and single particle motion, velocity of correlation function, diffusion and viscosity coefficients, liquid-gas critical point, and a comparison of classical and quantum liquids. The selection is a valuable source of information for readers wanting to study the composition and reactions of liquids.
Liquid Metals covers topics about the properties of liquid metals, with emphasis on the microscopic description of the electron states. The book discusses radial distribution function, which is the quantitative way by which the structure of a monatomic fluid may be described, and the scattering of X-rays (or neutrons) from the fluid. The text describes the way by which the forces operating in liquid metals may be qualitatively described; the theory of electron screening in metals; the shielding of a structureless ion core in the Born approximation; and ways by which the structure of the ion core can profoundly influence the shielding. The forces operating between ions in liquid metals; the properties of solid metals; the time-dependent generalization of the structure factor; the dynamics of fluids from inelastic neutron scattering; and the nature of the energy level spectrum of the electrons in a liquid metal are also considered. Students of elementary quantum mechanics and statistical thermodynamics and physicists will find the book invaluable.