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Excerpt from The Elements of the Four Inner Planets and the Fundamental Constants of Astronomy Introduction of the corrections to the masses of Venus and Mercury' Introduction of the errors of absolute Right Ascension and Declinations of the standard stars. Introduction of the corrections to the secular variations. Method of forming the normal equations by periods so as to include the correction to the secular variation. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The Elements of the Four Inner Planets and the Fundamental Constants of Astronomy The diversity in the adopted values of the elements and constants of astronomy is productive of inconvenience to all who are engaged in investigations based upon these quantities, and injurious to the precision and symmetry of much of our astronomical work. If any cases exist in which uniform and consistent values of all these quantities are embodied in an extended series of astronomical results, whether in the form of ephemerides or results of observations, they are the exception rather than the rule. The longer this diversity continues the greater the difficulties which astronomers of the future will meet in utilizing the work of our time. On taking charge of the work of preparing the American Ephemeris in 1877 the writer was so strongly impressed with the inconvenience arising, from this source that he deemed it advisable to devote all the force which he could spare to the work of deriving improved values of the fundamental elements and embodying them in new tables of the celestial motions. It was expected that the work could all be done in ten years. But a number of circumstances, not necessary to describe at present, prevented the fulfillment of this hope. Only now is the work complete so far as regards the fundamental constants and the elements of the planets from Mercury to Jupiter inclusive. The construction of tables of the four inner planets is now in progress, those of Jupiter and Saturn having already been completed by Mr. Hill. All these tables will be published as soon as possible, and the investigations on which they are based are intended, so far as it is practicable to condense them, to appear in subsequent volumes of the Astronomical Papers of the American Ephemeris. As it will take several years to bring out these volumes, it has been deemed advisable to publish in advance the present brief summary of the work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This book gives a state-of-the-art survey of current research in logic and philosophy of science, as viewed by invited speakers selected by the most prestigious international organization in the field. In particular, it gives a coherent picture of foundational research into the various sciences, both natural and social. In addition, it has special interest items such as symposia on interfaces between logic and methodology, semantics and semiotics, as well as updates on the current state of the field in Eastern Europe and the Far East.
In late nineteenth-century America, Simon Newcomb was the nation's most celebrated scientist and—irascibly, doggedly, tirelessly—he made the most of it. Officially a mathematical astronomer heading a government agency, Newcomb spent as much of his life out of the observatory as in it, acting as a spokesman for the nascent but restive scientific community of his time. Newcomb saw the "scientific method" as a potential guide for all disciplines and a basis for all practical action, and argued passionately that it was of as much use in the halls of Congress as in the laboratory. In so doing, he not only sparked popular support for American science but also confronted a wide spectrum of social, cultural, and intellectual issues. This first full-length study of Newcomb traces the development of his faith in science and ranges over topics of great public debate in the Gilded Age, from the reform of economic theory to the recasting of the debate between science and religion. Moyer's portrait of a restless, eager mind also illuminates the bustle of late nineteenth-century America.
This classic book, long out of print, investigates the experimental determination of one of the fundamental constants of astrophysics and its significance for astronomy. The equations of general relativity include a constant lambda in their solution. If lambda is non-zero and positive, this represents the existence of a phenomenon of cosmical repulsion. In this book Eddington discussed the implications of this for models of the universe. The book offers a unique sidelight upon the history of ideas and Eddington's artistry. His evident enjoyment of writing and exposition shine through, and astrophysicists and historians of science will find that this reissue throws fascinating light on one of Britain's greatest scientists.
As one of the oldest scientific institutions in the United States, the US Naval Observatory has a rich and colourful history. This volume is, first and foremost, a story of the relations between space, time and navigation, from the rise of the chronometer in the United States to the Global Positioning System of satellites, for which the Naval Observatory provides the time to a billionth of a second per day. It is a story of the history of technology, in the form of telescopes, lenses, detectors, calculators, clocks and computers over 170 years. It describes how one scientific institution under government and military patronage has contributed, through all the vagaries of history, to almost two centuries of unparalleled progress in astronomy. Sky and Ocean Joined will appeal to historians of science, technology, scientific institutions and American science, as well as astronomers, meteorologists and physicists.
This Encyclopedia examines all aspects of the history of science in the United States, with a special emphasis placed on the historiography of science in America. It can be used by students, general readers, scientists, or anyone interested in the facts relating to the development of science in the United States. Special emphasis is placed in the history of medicine and technology and on the relationship between science and technology and science and medicine.
Excerpt from Mathematical Theories of Planetary Motions This work is intended not merely as an introduction to the special study of astronomy, but rather for the student of mathematics who desires an insight into the creations of his masters in this field. The lack of a text-book, giving within moderate limits and in a strictly scientific manner the principles of mathematical astronomy in their present remark ably simple and lucid form, is undoubtedly the reason why so many mathematicians extend their knowledge of the solar system but little beyond Kepler's laws. The author has endeavored to meet this need and at the same time to produce a book which shall be so near the present state of the science as to include recent investigations and to indicate unsettled questions. The subject of the work is that part of celestial mechanics which treats of the motions of heavenly bodies considered as material points. This is its most important part, and it is fundamental in the theories of rotation, tides and the figures of bodies. The author hopes to treat of these in a separate work. The simplest processes and those which best represent the present state of the science have always been selected. Especial care has been taken to guard against brilliant hypotheses which explorers in this field have so often indulged in but which are not suitable in a text-book. References to original sources of information are invariably given. These will be useful to students who desire to study further. Assistance in this direction is also afforded by the historical sketches accompanying each important sub-division' of the work. The tables at the end of the book give the numerical values of the elements of the solar system according to Leverrier and Newcomb. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.