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This book compares and explains how the key European Union and European Economic Area legal principles of consistent interpretation are applied and developed by national courts in 12 different European Union and European Free Trade Association Member States.
2.2 Procedural Rules and Issues
This book is based on a conference where speakers were asked to reflect on the case law of the EFTA Court and its role in the European Economic Area.
This book provides practical and comprehensive guidance for national practising lawyers (judges and litigation attorneys) on the application of EU/EEA law before national courts. It describes the essential rules regarding the application of EU/EEA law before national judicial instances and structures them systematically, in order to enable national judges and litigation attorneys to comprehend the main standards. In short, the book is about legal norms that would fall under the category of civil and administrative procedural law in a national legal order. These rules, developed by the ECJ and the EFTA Court, govern when and how national judges should apply EU/EEA law in national proceedings. The book is divided into six chapters, each dealing with a specific topic. For pragmatic purposes, the structure of the chapters is uniform and each chapter can be read individually. As the norms have been developed by the ECJ/EFTA court and consist, mainly, of case law principles, the topics are presented based on thorough analysis of the judgments rendered by those courts. The book's unique practical focus makes a great addition to the library of any national lawyer and EU law expert.
This volume in the Swedish Studies in European Law series, produced by the Swedish Network for European Legal Studies, heralds the new harmonised regime of private enforcement of EU competition law. In 2013, the Commission issued a Communication and Practical Guide to the quantification of harm in antitrust litigation and a Recommendation on collective redress. In 2014, the long-awaited Directive on actions for damages for infringements of EU competition law was finally adopted. In 2016, the Commission is expected to issue guidelines on the passing-on of overcharges. This book examines these recent developments and offers the perspectives of judges, officials, practitioners and academics. With a preface by Judge Carl Wetter of the General Court, the book explores five different themes. In section one, the main policy issues and challenges are presented. In section two, the new regime is placed in the bigger picture of recent EU law developments. In section three, the nexus between private enforcement and transparency is investigated. A comparative perspective is offered in section four by looking into private enforcement in five Member State jurisdictions. Finally, issues relating to causation, harm and indirect purchasers are explored in section five.
The Oxford Handbook of the European Union brings together numerous acknowledged specialists in their field to provide a comprehensive and clear assessment of the nature, evolution, workings, and impact of European integration.
The effectiveness of European Community (EC) law and the way it is enforced in order to assure the judicial protection of individuals penetrating into the national legal orders is probably the most distinguishing feature of this unique legal order, in contrast with classic international law. By now, this principle and doctrine created by the European Court of Justice has become part of the European legal order with general acceptance in all EU countries. By contrast, the effectiveness of European Economic Area (EEA) law, and the way this other even more sui generis legal system provides comparable rights for European Free Trade Association (EFTA)-EEA citizens, is a silent revolution brought by the EFTA Court that has not been properly researched and exposed in the field of European law. This book summarizes and explains the basic principles governing the relationship between EEA law and the national legal systems, while searching for similarities and differences with EC law. The research questions explored in this collection include: How does EEA law achieve supremacy over national laws? Does EEA law have direct applicability? Can we speak, under some circumstances, of a sort of direct effect of EEA law? Can EEA law be defined as having "quasi" primacy and "quasi" direct effect? What about the indirect effect of EEA law (duty of consistent interpretation)? Last but not least, does the doctrine of State liability for breaches of EC law apply to EEA law? If so, what are the differences between the two legal orders? These questions are explored from a European perspective in order to help understand the effectiveness of European law, the special relationship between the Community/EEA legal orders with the national legal systems when the enforcement of European rights, and that the judicial protection of individuals are at stake.
In the current decentralised system of European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) law enforcement, national courts play a crucial role in securing the effectiveness and application of the law. A great deal of legal research has been expounded on how the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Free Trade Association Court (EFTA Court) have established and developed the key mechanism for doing so - namely the principle of consistent interpretation. Yet the principle’s scope and limits can only be fully understood if one looks to the final outcome of cases at national level, and how national courts charged with the duty of applying the principle actually do so when faced with such issues in practice. Adopting an ambitious and consistent approach, contributors from 12 European states therefore examine the reception of the principle through national case-law, focusing on three issues: reception and understanding of the concept, its criteria for application, and its limitations. The individual contributions are further synthesised and compared in an overarching comparative chapter that identifies considerable tension between the goals of uniform and homogenous application of the principles, and a plurality of different approaches at national level. The findings further touch on a broader range of issues, providing the reader with insights into the cooperative dialogue between European and national courts more generally. The Effectiveness and Application of EU and EEA Law in National Courts will be of interest to academics, students, EU/EEA/EFTA and national institutional actors, judges, practitioners, and anyone interested in gaining unique insights into the workings of EU and EEA law and culture in practice. Christian N.K. Franklin (ed.) is Professor of Law at the University of Bergen, specialising in EU and EEA law. He is Joint Manager of the Bergen Law Faculty’s Research Group for Competition and Market Law and an Associate of the Bergen Centre for Competition Law and Economics (BECCLE).
International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration is a hands-on guide providing a critical evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages at every step in the arbitral process including practical facts, figures, pragmatic suggestions and warnings.The book is essential to anyone who is involved in ICC arbitration, or who may have to consider the use of an ICC arbitration clause. Published in cooperation with the International Chamber of Commerce, this text covers every aspect of ICC arbitration. The authors, seasoned experts, provide adetailed description of the arbitral process from the formation of the agreement to arbitrate to the appeal of the enforcement, covering in detail the important rulings of the ICC and their potential impact on future awards. Appendices include a table of cases, table of arbitral awards, table ofauthorities, table of articles on the 1998 ICC Arbitration Rules, and a comprehensive index.