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A classic and best-selling text for sod and turfgrass courses covering lawnkeeping and athletic groundskeeping.
The biota of the earth is being altered at an unprecedented rate. We are witnessing wholesale exchanges of organisms among geographic areas that were once totally biologically isolated. We are seeing massive changes in landscape use that are creating even more abundant succes sional patches, reductions in population sizes, and in the worst cases, losses of species. There are many reasons for concern about these trends. One is that we unfortunately do not know in detail the conse quences of these massive alterations in terms of how the biosphere as a whole operates or even, for that matter, the functioning of localized ecosystems. We do know that the biosphere interacts strongly with the atmospheric composition, contributing to potential climate change. We also know that changes in vegetative cover greatly influence the hydrology and biochemistry ofa site or region. Our knowledge is weak in important details, however. How are the many services that ecosystems provide to humanity altered by modifications of ecosystem composition? Stated in another way, what is the role of individual species in ecosystem function? We are observing the selective as well as wholesale alteration in the composition of ecosystems. Do these alterations matter in respect to how ecosystems operate and provide services? This book represents the initial probing of this central ques tion. It will be followed by other volumes in this series examining in depth the functional role of biodiversity in various ecosystems of the world.
The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate local government lawn conversion programs that incentivize homeowners to convert turf lawns into a more sustainable, water-efficient landscape. Seven communities' lawn conversion programs are assessed through interviews with city officials administering or implementing the program. The research objectives included determining where lawn conversion programs are located, why they were adopted, determining how city officials measured their effectiveness, major barriers and benefits of adopting the program, and asking city officials whether or not they recommended other communities adopt a program. This research found 33 programs in seven states, with six of the seven communities recommending other communities adopt a similar program. Major barriers to the adoption of a program included 1) obtaining support from city council and staff, 2) time and resources required to administer the program, 30 acceptance of more water-efficient landscape practices, 4 ) a lack of knowledge on maintenance requirements of these of landscapes, and 5) the program's overall impact on water usage. Major benefits cited included water saving positive citizen feedback and support, environmental benefits, and its use as an education and awareness tool. This research should help improve the effectiveness of existing programs and seguide a guiede for communities seeking to adopt a similar lawn conversion program.
An annual index to the monographs appears early in the following year.