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For a proper understanding of India s economy as we find today with its fast development, a study of its past economic conditions is necessary. India s economic history spans nearly 5000 years and dates back to Indus Valley Civilisation the two prominent cities of which Mohanjodaro and Harappa were big industrial centres having trade relations with West Asia and other parts of the world. Several sources provide us valuable information about the economic condition of the people of India at various stages of history. From Vedic literature we get a detailed description of the economic life of the Aryans. The Buddhist literature, particularly Jatakas and Tripitaka give us a glimpse of the economic condition of India from 650 to 321 B.C. when every village was a self-sufficient unit. Kautilya s Arthasastra, Magasthenes Indica and Vishakhadatta s Mudrarakshasa give detailed description of the economic systems of the Mauryan period. The accounts of Chinese travellers Fa-hien and It-sing are remarkable evidences of the socio-economic life in Gupta period. Historians like Manucci tell us about the economic reforms undertaken during Mughal rule in India. The British who carved out their empire in India in the 17th century, drained India of its wealth, destroyed the self-sufficient character of villages, increased agricultural indebtedness, and gave rise to a capitalist class in India with the growth of new urban centres. After the achievement of independence in 1947 started the process of nation-building through economic planning. With the liberalisation of Indian economy in the 1990s, the country has been put on a high growth path and is making fast economic progress. The book captures the salient features of India s economic history in chronological order. It will fulfil the needs of students and teachers of this subject and prove immensely useful to the aspirants of Civil Services and other competitive examinations.
Ancient History Of India From The Very Beginning To Twelve Hundred A.D. It Has Been Written In A Simple And Lucid Style. Controversial Matters Have Been Dealt With In Such A Way That Scientific And Objective Conclusions May Be Drawn. The Book Has Been Planned As An Ideal Textbook For The Students And A Reference Book For The Teachers.
Economic History Of Early Medieval Northern India Is An Attempt To Present The Picture Of Agrarian Formation And Economic Changing Which Early Medieval India Had Experienced. This Book Is A Comprehensive And Systematic Study Of The Economic Institutions Such As Agriculture, Types Of Crops, Nature Of Peasantry, Land Grants, Internal And Domestic Trade, Urban Concept, Forced Labour And Paucity Of Coins Etc.The Book Does Not Claim To Present A General Economic History Of Early Medieval India In The Traditional Manner. The Distinctive Characteristic Of This Book Lies In The Fact That It Present The Thesis Of Economic Development And Changes Which Took Place During The Period Of Study. An Attempt Has Been Made To Make An Evolution Of The One Of The Most Critical Periods Of Indian History With Main Focus On Agrarian Structure And Economic Institutions. The Study Has Been Based Both On The Literary And Epigraphical Sources. The Book, Therefore, Present A Deteriorating Grim Scenario About The Agricultural And Economic Condition Of The Historical Period Spanning From 8Th Century To 10Th Century A.D. It Also Traces The Causal Complexities Which Forced The Peasant To Accept Their Fate Passively And Without A Murmur.
Contributed articles.
India: The Ancient Past provides a clear and systematic introduction to the cultural, political, economic, social and geographical history of ancient India from the time of the pre-Harappan culture nine thousand years ago up until the beginning of the second millennium of the Common Era. The book engages with methodological and controversial issues by examining key themes such as the Indus-Sarasvati civilization, the Aryan controversy, the development of Vedic and heterodox religions, and the political economy and social life of ancient Indian kingdoms. This fully revised and updated second edition includes: Three new chapters examining the differences and commonalities between the north and south of India; Extended discussion on contested issues, such as the origins of the Aryans and the role of feudalism in ancient India; New source excerpts to introduce students to the most significant works in the historiography of India, and questions for discussion; Study guides, including a list of key issues, suggested readings and a selection of internet sources for each chapter; Specially designed maps to illustrate different time periods and geographical regions This richly illustrated guide provides a fascinating account of the early development of Indian culture and civilization that will appeal to all students of Indian history.
This book presents a complete and accessible description of the history of early India. It starts by discussing the origins and growth of civilizations, empires, and religions. It also deals with the geographical, ecological, and linguistic backgrounds, and looks at specific cultures of the Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Vedic periods, as well as at the Harappan civilization. In addition, the rise of Jainism and Buddhism, Magadha and the beginning of territorial states, and the period of Mauryas, Central Asian countries, Satvahanas, Guptas, and Harshavardhana are also analysed. Next, it stresses varna system, urbanization, commerce and trade, developments in science and philosophy, and cultural legacy. Finally, the process of transition from ancient to medieval India and the origin of the Aryan culture has also been examined.
This book is a substantially modified and enlarged version of the author's "Ancient India: An Introductory Outline" (Delhi, 1977) and surveys the major developments in India's social, economic and cultural history up to the end of the ancient period and the beginning of the early middle ages and explains the rise and growth of states with reference to their material basis. Special attention has been paid to the elements of change and continuity in society, economy and culture, and to the changing forms of exploitation and consequent social tensions as well as to the role of religion and superstition in society. The book demolishes the popular historiographical stereotypes created by the Hindu-chauvinist communal writings. It also gives the lie to the view that the Indian society has been stagnant and changeless -- a view which was propagated by Western scholars in the heyday of British imperialism and continues to be peddled ingeniously in our own times. The assassination of Mahatma Gandhi ... and the demolition of the Baburi Masjid are two ... unforgettable milestones in the unfolding of the backward-looking Hindu revivalist and fascist politics of contemporary India. Since both Harappa and Mohenjodaro are situated now in Pakistan, the Hindu revivalists are busy locating the epicentre of the Harappan culture in the elusive Saraswati valley.