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The third edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo looks back at the nearly 48 years of independence, over a century of colonial rule, and even earlier kingdoms and groups that shared the territory. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 800 cross-referenced dictionary entries on civil wars, mutinies, notable people, places, events, and cultural practices.
This interdisciplinary volume brings together English and French language contributions that add to an in-depth picture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's current state of affairs. The authors from various academic fields who research and teach at universities in Africa, Asia and Europe focus on political and economic perspectives, education and civil society, health and environment, the country's international relations as well as historical foundations. They analyse the problems the country is facing but also point out where progress has been made, where possibilities lie - and how these possibilities can come to fruition.
Située en plein cœur du continent africain, à cheval sur l'équateur, le Congo-Kinshasa, officiellement République démocratique du Congo (RDC), est un pays immense particulièrement gâté par la nature. Son sous-sol est l'un des plus riches au monde ; la fertilité de ses terres et la variété de ses climats favorisent l'agriculture. Pourtant, ce " géant aux pieds d'argile " abrite, paradoxalement, une population en majeure partie démunie. La RDC est un pays d'une extrême complexité qui tient à son histoire tumultueuse, faite de guerres, de rébellions, de récessions, d'exécutions, de faillites économiques... Dès le XVe siècle, les Portugais ont établi des liens avec le royaume du Congo pour négocier or, ivoire, cuivre et esclaves. Ce n'est qu'au XIXe siècle que la Belgique, sous la houlette du roi Léopold II, l'emporte sur les autres nations européennes lancées dans la course coloniale et établit le Congo belge. La difficile marche vers l'indépendance est également émaillée de révoltes et de violences. L'histoire de la Première République est écrite en lettres de sang. Notamment le sang de Patrice Lumumba, le Premier ministre assassiné avec la bénédiction de la Belgique en 1961. La Deuxième République mise en place par Mobutu en 1965 est une dictature qui conduit le Zaïre à la faillite. Le 17 mai 1997, Mobutu est renversé par Laurent Désiré Kabila. Le Zaïre redevient Congo. Kabila connaît une fin tragique en janvier 2001. Son fils, Joseph Kabila, lui succède. La RDC bascule à nouveau dans la guerre en août 1998. Une guerre qui appose, sur le sol congolais, les troupes gouvernementales épaulées par des forces étrangères à des mouvements rebelles soutenus par des armées des pays voisins. Pourtant, le Congo-Kinshasa est attachant par sa richesse culturelle (musique, statuaire, peinture moderne...), par la diversité de ses peuples, l'immensité de ses paysages d'eau, de forêts et de montagne.
This book looks at 55 years of independence, over eight decades of colonial rule, and earlier kingdoms and groups that shared the Congolese territory. This fourth edition highlights new developments and the increasing importance of the DRC in the Great Lakes Region and Africa, in particular, as well as its important role in the international environment.. This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Selected bibliography p.23.
Entries explain important concepts, events, figures, and contributing factors to the history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They look at 30 years of dictatorship, almost 40 years of independence, over a century of colonial rule, and earlier groups and kingdoms that shared the territory. Includes a guide to name changes, a chronology, a political map, and a map of mines and infrastructure, plus tables on trade, production, and the economy.
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - Region: Africa, grade: 1,7, University of Bologna, course: Political Development in Least developed Countries, language: English, abstract: The transformation process in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of the most crucial political changes during the last few years. Creatin a stabile and strong democratic system within the biggest African countries could bring light an development in the former "heart of darknes" which could also be extendet to other african states. the following paper tries to describe the sad story of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, concentrating on the Mobutu dictatureship and the transition and state building process afterwards. furthermore is is about the EUFOR RD Congo military mission that should support the transformation process, protecting the presidential elections in 2006. What about the leading nation Germany? Was it difficult to legislate the mission, for a state with such a heavy historical burden? what about meanings and opinions in German parlament, the federal army and of course the German people? After the history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the text is focussed on the elections in 2006, the EU mission and the debat in Germany concerning military aid for this big african country. in the end the paper shows details and developments of EUFOR RD Congo mission, whereby it also tries to analyze whether the mission was a success or failure. The conclusion tries to answer the succces or failure thesisas well as it oughts to offer an immagine of the transformation process in the democratic Republic of the Congo in the future. This seminar paper is very interesting for students of political science, history and of cours for everyone who likes to get to know more background about this actual and highly discussed mission.
Although labor is usually the unique asset upon which poor people can make a living, little is known about the functioning of labor markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this volume is to contribute to the building of knowledge in this area. In this book, the authors use a unique set of identical and simultaneous labor force surveys conducted in seven capitals of Western Africa, as well as in some other African countries (Cameroon, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo) in the 2000s. They present innovative and original results on how people are faring in these labour markets, using up-to-date econometric and statistical methods. Because so little is known about labor markets in the region, each chapter starts with detailed descriptive statistics that aim to shed light onto specific aspects of African urban labor markets. Comparisons between the ten cities are systematically carried out. Descriptive sections are followed by in-depth analyses on various issues. The book is divided into four parts that examine 13 topics. Part I presents the main stylised facts, which are investigated further in a more analytical way throughout the volume. Part II focuses on job quality and labor market conditions, such as unemployment and underemployment, vulnerability, and job satisfaction. Part III explores the many dimensions of labor market inequalities through various lenses, such as returns on education, segmentation, life-cycle inequality (with a particular focus on old age), inter-generational mobility, time related inequality, and gender and ethnic earnings discrimination. Part IV addresses some key coping mechanisms and private responses, with a focus on migration and child labor. The book concludes with recommendations for future research.
The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Drawing from more than 330 interviews and a year and a half of field research, it develops a case study of the international intervention during the Democratic Republic of the Congo's unsuccessful transition from war to peace and democracy (2003-2006). Grassroots rivalries over land, resources, and political power motivated widespread violence. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts, ultimately dooming the international efforts to end the deadliest conflict since World War II. Most international actors interpreted continued fighting as the consequence of national and regional tensions alone. UN staff and diplomats viewed intervention at the macro levels as their only legitimate responsibility. The dominant culture constructed local peacebuilding as such an unimportant, unfamiliar, and unmanageable task that neither shocking events nor resistance from select individuals could convince international actors to reevaluate their understanding of violence and intervention.