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Saint Andrew, Scotland's patron saint, was reputedly crucified at Patras on a cross of X shape, now the well-known white cross on blue of the Saltire flag. However, the association of the saint with the X-shaped cross is not a feature in the early cult of Saint Andrew and does not appear in any of the apocryphal material describing his martyrdom. Using both literary and iconographical evidence, Ursula Hall attempts to determine when, where and how this development in the popular tradition and in the depiction of Saint Andrew's death might have taken place. In a clear, captivating style, Hall examines various written accounts of St Andrew's life and death, along with an analysis of the traditions and procedures of crucifixion at the time. Pictorial representations of Saint Andrew, in mediums such as embroidery, seals, paintings, sculptures and glass work are abundant compared to literary evidence about his tradition. Hall examines a variety of these works to uncover the development of iconography and legends surrounding Saint Andrew in Europe, England and Scotland. Through these studies, and in conjunction with an analysis of the functions and context of the X-shaped cross in Christian tradition, she offers fascinating explanations for the association between the distinctive cross and Scotland's patron saint.
A brief biography of St. Andrew, one of Jesus' disciples who later became the patron saint of Scotland. Also discusses the customs and traditions linked to St Andrew's day on 30 November. Suggested level: junior, primary.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.