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This is the ninth book of problems and solutions from the American Mathematics Competitions (AMC) contests. It chronicles 325 problems from the thirteen AMC 12 contests given in the years between 2001 and 2007. The authors were the joint directors of the AMC 12 and the AMC 10 competitions during that period. The problems have all been edited to ensure that they conform to the current style of the AMC 12 competitions. Graphs and figures have been redrawn to make them more consistent in form and style, and the solutions to the problems have been both edited and supplemented. A problem index at the back of the book classifies the problems into subject areas of Algebra, Arithmetic, Complex Numbers, Counting, Functions, Geometry, Graphs, Logarithms, Logic, Number Theory, Polynomials, Probability, Sequences, Statistics, and Trigonometry. A problem that uses a combination of these areas is listed multiple times. The problems on these contests are posed by members of the mathematical community in the hope that all secondary school students will have an opportunity to participate in problem-solving and an enriching mathematical experience.
The Contest Problem Book VI contains 180 challenging problems from the six years of the American High School Mathematics Examinations (AHSME), 1989 through 1994, as well as a selection of other problems. A Problems Index classifies the 180 problems in the book into subject areas: algebra, complex numbers, discrete mathematics, number theory, statistics, and trigonometry.
A compilation of 325 problems and solutions for high school students. A valuable resource for any mathematics teacher.
The New Mexico Mathematics Contest for high-school students has been held annually since 1966. Each November, thousands of middle- and high-school students from all over New Mexico converge to battle with elementary but tricky math problems. The 200 highest-scoring students meet for the second round the following February at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque where they listen to a prominent mathematician give a keynote lecture, have lunch, and then get down to round two, an even more challenging set of mathematical mind-twisters. Liong-shin Hahn was charged with the task of creating a new set of problems each year for the New Mexico Mathematics Contest, 1990-1999. In this volume, Hahn has collected the 138 best problems to appear in these contests over the last decades. They range from the simple to the highly challenging--none are trivial. The solutions contain many clever analyses and often display uncommon ingenuity. His questions are always interesting and relevant to teenage contestants. Young people training for competitions will not only learn a great deal of useful mathematics from this book but, and this is much more important, they will take a step toward learning to love mathematics.
The annual high school contests have been sponsored since 1950 by the Mathematical Association of America and the Society of Actuaries, and later by Mu Alpha Theta (1965), the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1967) and the Casulty Actuarial Society (1971). Problems from the contests during the periods 1950-1960 are published in Volume 5 of the New Mathematical Library, and those for 1966-1972 are published in Volume 25. This volume contains those for the period 1961-1965. The questions were compiled by C.T. Salkind, Chairman of the Committee on High School Contests during the period, who also prepared the solutions for the contest problems. Professor Salkind died in 1968. In preparing this and the other Contest Problem Books, the editors of the NML have expanded these solutions with added alternative solutions.
A major aspect of mathematical training and its benefit to society is the ability to use logic to solve problems. The American Mathematics Competitions have been given for more than fifty years to millions of students. This book considers the basic ideas behind the solutions to the majority of these problems, and presents examples and exercises from past exams to illustrate the concepts. Anyone preparing for the Mathematical Olympiads will find many useful ideas here, but people generally interested in logical problem solving should also find the problems and their solutions stimulating. The book can be used either for self-study or as topic-oriented material and samples of problems for practice exams. Useful reading for anyone who enjoys solving mathematical problems, and equally valuable for educators or parents who have children with mathematical interest and ability.
This third volume of problems from the William Lowell Putnam Competition is unlike the previous two in that it places the problems in the context of important mathematical themes. The authors highlight connections to other problems, to the curriculum and to more advanced topics. The best problems contain kernels of sophisticated ideas related to important current research, and yet the problems are accessible to undergraduates. The solutions have been compiled from the American Mathematical Monthly, Mathematics Magazine and past competitors. Multiple solutions enhance the understanding of the audience, explaining techniques that have relevance to more than the problem at hand. In addition, the book contains suggestions for further reading, a hint to each problem, separate from the full solution and background information about the competition. The book will appeal to students, teachers, professors and indeed anyone interested in problem solving as a gateway to a deep understanding of mathematics.
The $3x+1$ problem, or Collatz problem, concerns the following seemingly innocent arithmetic procedure applied to integers: If an integer $x$ is odd then “multiply by three and add one”, while if it is even then “divide by two”. The $3x+1$ problem asks whether, starting from any positive integer, repeating this procedure over and over will eventually reach the number 1. Despite its simple appearance, this problem is unsolved. Generalizations of the problem are known to be undecidable, and the problem itself is believed to be extraordinarily difficult. This book reports on what is known on this problem. It consists of a collection of papers, which can be read independently of each other. The book begins with two introductory papers, one giving an overview and current status, and the second giving history and basic results on the problem. These are followed by three survey papers on the problem, relating it to number theory and dynamical systems, to Markov chains and ergodic theory, and to logic and the theory of computation. The next paper presents results on probabilistic models for behavior of the iteration. This is followed by a paper giving the latest computational results on the problem, which verify its truth for $x < 5.4 cdot 10^{18}$. The book also reprints six early papers on the problem and related questions, by L. Collatz, J. H. Conway, H. S. M. Coxeter, C. J. Everett, and R. K. Guy, each with editorial commentary. The book concludes with an annotated bibliography of work on the problem up to the year 2000.
This book provides the mathematical tools and problem-solving experience needed to successfully compete in high-level problem solving competitions. Each section presents important background information and then provides a variety of worked examples and exercises to help bridge the gap between what the reader may already know and what is required for high-level competitions. Answers or sketches of the solutions are given for all exercises.