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Biomaterials offer the potential to restore and supplement the function of tissues and organs following injury or disease. The use of inorganic materials in the clinic to date has been widespread, in the form of metallic joint replacements and ceramic dental and bone implants. Exciting new medical applications continue to emerge, enabled by innovative materials for neural interfaces and as anti-fouling agents. The Chemistry of Inorganic Biomaterials overviews the underlying chemistry behind the most common and cutting-edge inorganic materials in current use, or approaching use, in vivo. Framed from the context of the overarching material class/application, it provides a balanced and critical overview of the field by bringing together experts in both the fundamental inorganic and material chemistry, as well as key clinical considerations for biomedical applications. Written in an accessible style, this book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in biomaterials, inorganic materials and materials chemistry.
This book overviews the underlying chemistry behind the most common and cutting-edge inorganic materials in current use, or approaching use, in vivo.
This book provides a practical guide to the use and applications of inorganic biomaterials. It begins by introducing the concept of inorganic biomaterials, which includes bioceramics and bioglass. This concept is further extended to hybrid biomaterials consisting of inorganic and organic materials to mimic natural biomaterials. The book goes on to provide the reader with information on biocompatibility, bioactivity and bioresorbability. The concept of the latter is important because of the increasing role resorbable biomaterials are playing in implant applications. The book also introduces a new concept on mechanical compatibility - 'mechacompatibility'. Almost all implant biomaterials employed to date, such as metal and ceramic implants, do not meet this biological requirement as they have far higher modulus than any biomaterials in the body. The practical techniques that are used in the characterization of biomaterials, including chemical, physical, biological, microscopy and mechanical characterization are described. Some specialised techniques are also introduced such as Synchrotron Micro-Computed Tomography (u-CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The reader is given important information on new biomaterials development for orthopaedic and other areas, including controlled release technology, hydroxyapatite and hybrid bioresorbable materials. Finally the book provides a guide to regulatory considerations, an area which is often overlooked, but is an important part of R&D and manufacturing of medical materials and devices.
This book provides a contemporary research-led overview of the applications of inorganic materials in biomedicine. It begins with a short introduction summarising key concepts in inorganic materials (layered materials, framework materials etc.), and explaining the need for new materials in medicine. It then discusses the key areas in which inorganic materials have been applied, considering: drug delivery; imaging; diagnostics and theranostics; hard matter restoration; and vaccines. Each chapter gives an overview of the major extant challenges in the research area, before presenting a systematic review of how inorganic materials have been applied to gain traction in the field. A clear focus is maintained on the fate of the applied materials in vivo, clinical considerations, and the path to translation from lab to clinic. With contributions from leading researchers, Biomedical Applications of Inorganic Materials will provide a comprehensive introduction for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers wishing to learn about the topic.
Inorganic biomaterials include materials for e.g. dental restorations, biocompatible materials for orthopedic appliances and bioactive materials. However, inorganic biomaterials are also developed for use in tissue regeneration, e.g. wound healing. These products either consist of crystalline phases, such as Al2O3 or ZrO2, which makes them suitable for use in hip bone replacement or they are composed of tricalcium phosphate and used as resorbable biomaterials. Or, they contain glassy phases, such as BIOGLASS®, and are employed as bioactive biomaterials to bond to living bone. Inorganic biomaterials are also used to develop inorganic – organic composites which are suitable for use as bioactive products or to produce dental filling materials. In general, the development of composites is state of the art. However, it is also a future technology. Biomaterials for dental restorations consist of glassy or crystalline phases. Glass-ceramics represent a special group of inorganic biomaterials for dental restorations. Glass-ceramics are composed of at least one inorganic glassy phase and at least one crystalline phase. These products demonstrate a combination of properties, which include excellent aesthetics and the ability to mimic the optical properties of natural teeth, as well as high strength and toughness. They can be processed using special processing procedures, e.g. machining, moulding and sintering, to fabricate high quality products. Sintered oxide ceramics, such as Al2O3 or ZrO2, are also used for the fabrication of dental restorations. These products can be veneered with other biomaterials, or they can be polished to achieve the best possible surface quality. The manuscripts dealing with inorganic biomaterials should focus on the development of the products, especially on their chemical nature, the phase formation processes and all the details related to their processing. Very important are the mechanisms of phase formation. The reader of the manuscript should understand all of these reactions in detail. As far as application is concerned, it is important to describe the main properties of the developed products based on the valid standards, e.g. the ISO standards. The papers published should show that the products comply with these standards. It is very important to understand the relationship between biomass and biomaterials. This will help young scientists to follow the development of biomaterials with new, unexpected properties. He manuscripts published in "Frontiers" should also focus on the application of the biomaterials. Every manuscript should show the most important application of the material presented. There are different journals that deal with specific product categories, eg "Dental Materials". However, "Frontiers" should allow young scientists to publish their research results using all kinds of inorganic biomaterials. On the other hand, fundamental discussion and analysis of the findings should be encouraged and conclusions about possible applications in the field of medicine and dentistry should be drawn.
The updated second edition of the popular Inorganic Materials Chemistry Desk Reference remains a valuable resource in the preparation of solid-state inorganic materials by chemical processing techniques. It also expands upon new chemical precursors available to materials scientists, the applications of those materials, and existing or emerging topi
At the interface of biology, chemistry, and materials science, this book provides an overview of this vibrant research field, treating the seemingly distinct disciplines in a unified way by adopting the common viewpoint of surface science. The editors, themselves prolific researchers, have assembled here a team of top-notch international scientists who read like a "who's who" of biomaterials science and engineering. They cover topics ranging from micro- and nanostructuring for imparting functionality in a top-down manner to the bottom-up fabrication of gradient surfaces by self-assembly, from interfaces between biomaterials and living matter to smart, stimuli-responsive surfaces, and from cell and surface mechanics to the elucidation of cell-chip interactions in biomedical devices. As a result, the book explains the complex interplay of cell behavior and the physics and materials science of artificial devices. Of equal interest to young, ambitious scientists as well as to experienced researchers.
In the first book dedicated to this rapidly expanding research area, Mechanical Behaviour of Metal-Organic Framework Materials, provides a convenient introduction to how chemistry determines structure-mechanical property relationships and functional performance. Much of the research efforts in metal-organic framework (MOF) and hybrid framework materials focus on synthesis and adsorption related properties. But practical applications of MOFs require a precise understanding of mechanical properties and knowledge of structure-property relationships, to ensure robustness in device manufacturing and mechanical resilience for long-term performance. Readers will learn through key experimental and theoretical techniques for studying MOF mechanical properties including elastic and plastic behaviour, framework dynamics, high-pressure response, rate effects, anomalous mechanical behaviour and failure mechanisms. Edited by a pioneer of the field and with contributions by leading researchers developing the new science of “MOF Mechanics”, this book is suitable for both students and researchers who are new to the field.
One of the key challenges current biomaterials researchers face is identifying which of the dizzying number of highly specialized characterization tools can be gainfully applied to different materials and biomedical devices. Since this diverse marketplace of tools and techniques can be used for numerous applications, choosing the proper characterization tool is highly important, saving both time and resources.Characterization of Biomaterials is a detailed and multidisciplinary discussion of the physical, chemical, mechanical, surface, in vitro and in vivo characterization tools and techniques of increasing importance to fundamental biomaterials research.Characterization of Biomaterials will serve as a comprehensive resource for biomaterials researchers requiring detailed information on physical, chemical, mechanical, surface, and in vitro or in vivo characterization. The book is designed for materials scientists, bioengineers, biologists, clinicians and biomedical device researchers seeking input on planning on how to test their novel materials, structures or biomedical devices to a specific application. Chapters are developed considering the need for industrial researchers as well as academics. - Biomaterials researchers come from a wide variety of disciplines: this book will help them to analyze their materials and devices taking advantage of the multiple experiences on offer - Coverage encompasses a cross-section of the physical sciences, biological sciences, engineering and applied sciences characterization community, providing gainful and cross-cutting insight into this highly multi-disciplinary field - Detailed coverage of important test protocols presents specific examples and standards for applied characterization