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Explains how peacekeeping can work effectively by employing power through verbal persuasion, financial inducement, and coercion short of offensive force.
Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic, Third Edition, fills the gap in the literature about a country for which very little information exists in English, covering events that have taken place since the publication of the last edition in 1992. Substantial new material covers the persons, events, institutions, and parties that have played a significant role in the history of the Central African Republic. A list of acronyms and abbreviations, an extensive chronology, and an introductory essay complement the more than 800 dictionary entries. The bibliography profiles the available literature, and provides numerous journal articles and websites as sources of current events and developments.
Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House".
The Oxford Handbook on United Nations Peacekeeping Operations presents an innovative, authoritative, and accessible examination and critique of the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Since the late 1940s, but particularly since the end of the cold war, peacekeeping has been a central part of the core activities of the United Nations and a major process in global security governance and the management of international relations in general. The volume will present a chronological analysis, designed to provide a comprehensive perspective that highlights the evolution of UN peacekeeping and offers a detailed picture of how the decisions of UN bureaucrats and national governments on the set-up and design of particular UN missions were, and remain, influenced by the impact of preceding operations. The volume will bring together leading scholars and senior practitioners in order to provide overviews and analyses of all 65 peacekeeping operations that have been carried out by the United Nations since 1948. As with all Oxford Handbooks, the volume will be agenda-setting in importance, providing the authoritative point of reference for all those working throughout international relations and beyond.
Joseph Conrad's novella "Heart of Darkness" (1899) is taught and read all over the world. Everywhere, novelists and travel writers respond to it in their own creative work. I discuss 30 responses, or rewritings, from Africa, India, the Caribbean, Australia, Europe and the US. Their perspectives include those of groups who identify with Conrad's Europeans and groups who feel close to his Africans, and increasingly those of groups who situate themselves between these two extremes in various ways. I identify world-wide developments as well as themes, strategies and paradigm shifts that correlate with different geopolitical situations. Rewriters address the contribution Conrad has made to the identities of his very different readers, and the patterns he has suggested for encounters. In ever more intense dialogues, people from all backgrounds work through images of themselves and of each other. However, like Conrad's narrator, they also become aware of limits of language and communication. Rewriters act as rereaders of the many layers of meaning in "Heart of Darkness," and thus imply that the reader's experience is as important as the author's. This approach is increasingly developing into a use of discourse-analytical methods in non-theoretical texts. Rewritings can bring "Heart of Darkness" close to the readers' lives. Rewriters champion processes of highly personal learning and unlearning as well as political and social approaches, and can thus help readers rework their own cultural backgrounds. Accordingly, I both use close-reading methods and take into account political and didactic intentions. In conclusion, I recommend reading "Heart of Darkness" together with one or more of its rewritings, and outline some ideas for teaching such combinations. After comprehensive introductions to "Heart of Darkness" and to the theory of rewritings, I discuss works by the following authors in a convenient handbook format: Ford Madox Ford (Hueffer), Leonard Woolf, W. Somerset Maugham, Andre Gide, Louis-Ferdinand Celine, Graham Greene, Charlotte Jay, Patrick White, Chinua Achebe, Wilson Harris, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Tayeb Salih, Arun Joshi, J.M. Coetzee, V.S. Naipaul, Robert Silverberg, Caryl Phillips, David Dabydeen, Marlene NourbeSe Philip, David Malouf, Mineke Schipper, Abdulrazak Gurnah, Urs Widmer, Redmond O'Hanlon, Arundhati Roy, Barbara Kingsolver and Jeffrey Tayler.
Examines twenty years of French military interventions in Chad and Hissène Habré's rise to power between 1960 and 1982.
Taking a global and multidisciplinary approach, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism examines the world travel and tourism industry, which is expected to grow at an annual rate of four percent for the next decade.
Concerns over vanishing destinations such as the Great Barrier Reef, Antarctica, and the ice cap on Mt. Kilimanjaro have prompted some travel operators and tour agencies to recommend these destinations to consumers before they disappear. This travel trend has been reported as: ‘disappearing tourism,’ ‘doom tourism,’ and most commonly ‘last chance tourism’ where tourists explicitly seek vanishing landscapes or seascapes, and/or disappearing natural and/or social heritage. However, despite this increasing form of travel there has been little examination in the academic literature of last chance tourism phenomenon. This is the first book to empirically examine and evaluate this contemporary tourism development providing a new angle on the effects of global change and pressures of visitation on tourism destinations. It aims to develop the conceptual definition of last chance tourism, examine the ethics surrounding this type of travel, and provide case studies highlighting this form of tourism in different regions, and in different contexts. In particular it critically reviews the advantages of publicizing vulnerable destinations to raise awareness and promote conservation efforts. Conversely, the book draws attention to the issue of attracting more tourists seeking to undergo such experiences before they are gone forever, accelerating the negative impacts. It further examines current trends, discusses escalating challenges, provides management strategies, and highlights future research opportunities. Last Chance Tourism is a timely and multi-disciplinary volume featuring contributions from leading scholars in the fields of leisure, tourism, anthropology, geography, and sociology. It draws on a range of international case studies and will be of interest to students, researchers and academics interested in Tourism, Environmental Studies and Development Studies.