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Johnston shows how colonial knowledge from Australia influenced global thinking about religion, science, and society. Using a rich variety of sources including botanical illustrations, Victorian literature and convict memoirs, this multi-disciplinary study charts how new ways of identifying ideas were forged and circulated between colonies.
Johnston shows how colonial knowledge from Australia influenced global thinking about religion, science, and society. Using a rich variety of sources including botanical illustrations, Victorian literature and convict memoirs, this multi-disciplinary study charts how new ways of identifying ideas were forged and circulated between colonies.
This study of Janet Frame's fiction addresses with unusual directness the Utopian momentum that underpins her concern with fundamental social issues, traditionally highlighted in existing criticism of her work. The idea behind this book is that Frame's critique of society, while it is offered for its own sake on one level, should not lead us to neglect the author's more speculative interest in an alternative conception of the human person. Her engagement in a species of experimental portraiture proves elusive, though, owing to an indirectness of approach that usually takes the form of thematic circumscription, rather than explicit representation. For example, the figure of the mute child, recurrent in her work, may well testify to a concern with the plight of the mentally ill; but on another level it also points to an envelope of intractable experience which it is the artist’s task to penetrate and explain. Such aspiration is inseparable from the search for a new medium of expression, felt to be necessary if one is to meet the challenge of apprehending the scope of pioneering knowledge. This close reading of the novels reveals that the alternative dimension of experience to be found in Frame’s novels is characterized by an intact capacity for remembering, or for imaginatively re-creating, eclipsed aspects of the present. Frame's view of Utopia thus turns out to be manifold: it is existential and ontological, linguistic and epistemological, but also historical and political. An unravelling of these intertwined strains then serves to clarify the complex question of Frame's post-colonial sensibility, which cannot be said to rely on a sense of rigid identity, whether national or otherwise.
A Decent Provision is a narrative history of how and why Australia built a distinctive welfare regime in the period from the 1870s to 1949. At the beginning of this period, the Australian colonies were belligerently insisting they must not have a Poor Law, yet had reproduced many of the systems of charitable provision in Britain. By the start of the twentieth century, a combination of extended suffrage, basic wage regulation and the aged pension had led to a reputation as a 'social laboratory'. And yet half a century later, Australia was a 'welfare laggard' and the Labor Party's welfare state of the mid-1940s was a relatively modest and parsimonious construction. Models of welfare based on social insurance had been vigorously rejected, and the Australian system continued on a path of highly residual, targeted welfare payments. The book explains this curious and halting trajectory, showing how choices made in earlier decades constrained what could be done, and what could be imagined. Based on extensive new research from a variety of primary sources it makes a significant contribution to general historical debates, as well as to the field of comparative social policy.
This collection of essays stems from a John E. Sawyer Seminar on the Comparative Study of Cultures. Held over two years, the seminar investigated the effects and transformations of ideas, peoples, and institutions from the Atlantic World when carried into the Antipodes. The papers presented in this volume distil some of the key themes to emerge from discussion, each demonstrating the complexity with which discourses and practices operated in the Indo-Pacific oceanic region. Some had unexpected effects, others underwent profound transformation. Always they were changed by the ideas, peoples, and institutions of the Antipodes. Combined, the chapters underscore the ways in which both oceanic worlds were co-produced through a variety of intellectual and practical interactions over the modern period. Essays by leading Pacific scholars such as Margaret Jolly, Anita Herle, and Katerina Teaiwa are joined by essays from key scholars of various regions in the Atlantic World such as Simon Schaffer, Iain McCalman, Sheila Fitzpatrick, and Michael McDonnell, as well as interventions by the new transnationalist breed of Australian historians, led by Alison Bashford and Ann Curthoys.
Victorian Verse: The Poetics of Everyday Life casts new light on nineteenth-century poetry by examining the period through its popular verse forms and their surrounding social and media landscape. The volume offers insight into two central concepts of both the Victorian era and our own—status and taste—and how cultural hierarchies then and now were and are constructed and broken. By recovering the lost diversity of Victorian verse, the book maps the breadth of Victorian writing and reading practices, illustrating how these seemingly minor verse genres actually possessed crucial social functions for Victorians, particularly in education, leisure practices, the cultural production of class, and the formation of individual and communal identities. The essays consider how “major” Victorian poets, such as the Pre-Raphaelites, were also committed to writing and reading “minor” verse, further troubling the clear-cut notions of canonicity by examining the contradictions of value.
Recollections of a Scientist 1: Boyhood and Youth in Australia (1925-1948) This illustrated book is the first volume of the Memoirs of a distinguished, internationally renowned scientist, Professor Norman N. Greenwood, FRS. It gives a lively and intimate account of his boyhood and youth in Australia during the nineteen thirties and forties and is divided into thirteen chapters. It is a personal account rather than a formal history and describes in refreshing detail his richly diverse experiences. Chapter 1 explains how he came to be born in Melbourne although both of his parents as well as his elder sister and younger brother were all born in Northern England---his father Professor John Neill Greenwood had just been appointed as the first Professor of Metallurgy in an Australian University. The scene is further set by a brief account of the extraordinary events that led up to the founding of the University of Melbourne following the Victorian Gold Rush of the mid nineteenth century and its subsequent development into one of the major Universities of the then British Empire. The young family settled in Mont Albert, one of the developing eastern suburbs of the expanding metropolis, but unfortunately his parents separated soon afterwards and subsequently divorced. The children moved with their mother to the neighbouring suburb of Surrey Hills and one of her sisters came out from England to help with the growing family. Norman goes on to describe the various schools he attended and has some perceptive comments on his teachers, the ethos of the schools and the gradual changes that have occurred in the approach to education in Victoria over the years since the nineteen thirties. Initially vacations were spent at a country cottage being built by his father at Kinglake in the densely wooded hills to the north of Melbourne, and Norman evokes a childhood view of the exotic plants and animals of the bush, the deep secluded tree-fern gullies and tumbling mountain streams. His father was one of the main protagonists for the development of the Kinglake National Park which he had helped to found. Tragically, much of the Park was engulfed by the enormous bush fires (the worst in Australia’s history) that wiped out the little township of Kinglake with great loss of life in February 2009. Other holidays were spent on the beaches of Port Phillip Bay or on the cooler slopes of the Dandenong Ranges to the east. Norman and his younger brother Eric (always known in his youth as Peter or ‘Nipper’) loved roaming in the Olinda State Forest and Sherwood Forest where the tall mountain ash (eucalyptus) trees towered above the dense undergrowth of tree ferns and other plants. Bush animals abounded as did the raucous cockatoos and multicoloured parrots. The great prize, however, was to sight a lyre bird performing his stately dance and singing his amazing repertoire of all the other birds’ songs and even the man-mad sounds of car horns, chain saws and steam engines. For the three years 1939-40-41 Norman attended University High School near the city centre and adjacent to the grounds of the University itself. It was a remarkable school with an excellent academic reputation but also known for fostering of musical talent and for its prowess in sport. Norman joined the School Orchestra (as second flute) and they gave concerts in the Melbourne Town Hall and occasionally on the State broadcasting station 3LO. He also edited the School Magazine, The Record, perhaps an early portent of his later prolific output of scientific research papers, reviews, monographs and textbooks. In the summer vacation of January 1940 (during which Norman had his fifteenth birthday) he went on and extended (1300 mile) concert-party tour of twenty eight country towns in Western Victoria and over the border into South Australia. The trip was organised by the Young Australia League (YAL) and took the form of a White Minstrels Review of thirty boys with songs, i
Shaping Science and Industry touches on Australia's intellectual, political and economic life. It provides an account of the rapid growth of CSIR (to become CSIRO) during World War II. The contributions of many outstanding personalities are described such as Sir George Julius, Sir Charles Martin, Hedley Marston, DF Martyn, AEV Richardson, Sir David Rivett, Ian Clunies Ross and FWG White.This book recounts the major effort to introduce and adapt new technologies as part of the war effort. Informative and non-technical accounts are given of some breakthroughs in agricultural research such as the eradication of prickly pear.
This book presents a method for creating a working model of society, using data systems and simulation techniques, that can be used for testing propositions of scientific and policy nature. The model is based on the example of New Zealand, but will be applicable to other countries. It is expected that collaborators in other countries can emulate this example with their data systems for teaching and policy purposes, producing a cross-national "collaboratory". This enterprise will evolve with, and to a degree independently of, the book itself, with a supporting website as well as teaching and scientific initiatives. Readers of this text will, for the first time, have a simulation-based working model of society that can be interrogated for policy and substantive purposes. This book will appeal to researchers and professionals from various disciplines working within the social sciences, particularly on matters of demography and public policy.