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Magyar Origins offers a reasonable hypothesis that Hungarian and its related languages of Finnish and Estonian are related to Sanskrit, working out a proposed linguistic law that affected how Sanskrit words were absorbed into Hungarian. A finely researched blend of genealogy and language studies, Magyar Origins presents a strong and well-reasoned case. --Midwest Book Review This is the second edition, a third edition is now available and is a complete rewrite. ISBN 978-1501006357 Do you think you know where Hungarians came from? Odds are what you were told was based on myths or politics and almost no science. This book explores the roots behind these myths and how they originated. Exploring both DNA and cultural evidence this book explores the possibility that Hungarian, and its related Uralic languages, evolved as a form of Sanskrit slang. Not evolving directly from Sanskrit but was the result of refugees fleeing to the Hindu Kush region and learning a new language before migrating north to Siberia. Evidence is presented to show that the Magyars were practicing a form of Vedic-Hinduism, the root of both Buddhism and Hinduism, when they arrived in Europe and were not Shamanistic as is commonly believed. Core words that are not usually adopted between languages are shown to be the same between Hungarian and Sanskrit. Some examples include: Bird: Hungarian 'madar' = Sanskrit 'madura' Dung: Hungarian 'szar' = Sanskrit 'sAra' Fist: Hungarian 'kez' = Sanskrit 'kAzi' More importantly the conceptual adoption of Sanskrit into the various Uralic languages is demonstrated as the primary driving force for word evolution. Words are not primarily adopted based on word = word but instead based on what the characteristics of the object are. For example the Hungarian word for duck 'kacsa' does not equal the word for duck in either Finnish or Estonian. Instead it corresponds to their words for water, 'kastella' and 'kastma'. By extending this conceptual adoption to Sanskrit we see that the Sanskrit word for water is 'kASTha'. Linguistic evidence is provided to show not just similarities between the languages of Hungarian and Sanskrit but the patterns followed when Hungarian words were adopted from Sanskrit."
A comprehensive history of the land, people, society, culture and economy of Hungary.
Lavishly illustrated, the book contains seventy five historical maps and colour plates which visualize the historical background of Hungary and introduces its early history to a broader readership. The early history of Hungarians is embedded into the history of Eurasia and special attention is given to the relationship of the Hungarians with the Khazars and the Bulghar-Turks. The first part deals with methods and sources which can be used for elucidating the ancient history of the Hungarians, relying on research into linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and natural history. The second part traces how the Hungarians came into the Carpathian Basin and answers such questions as: who are the Magyars, from where did they come and how did they conquer the land? It reconstructs and examines their early political and social structure, the economy, and religion, and compares the Hungarian medieval process with the ethnogenetic processes of the Germanic, Slavic and Turkic people.
This is the first edition of this book, for the second edition see ISBN-13: 978-1484822753 Do you think you know where Hungarians came from? Odds are what you were told was based on myths or politics, and almost no science. Hungarian origins prior to the 9th century has been embroiled between eastern and western views of where each thinks Hungarian origins may be found. The prevailing view is that Hungarian (or Magyar) origins are to be found east of the Ural Mountains as part of an east to west migration of Uralic speakers. In 2000 a genetic marker was found that proved beyond any doubt that Hungarians were never part of this Uralic migration. In fact they have had no contact with other Uralic speakers for at least 4,000 years. This book explores how views of Hungarian origins reached the state of ignorance that it is today and then examines where the available evidence puts the Magyars origins. For the first time ever evidence is provided that combines the prevailing theories of the west and the east. Hungarian is shown to be an Uralic language as linguists have stated for 150 years and at the same time the Hungarian legends that say Hungarians originated near Persia are also proven to be correct. DNA evidence is examined to determine the physical origins of the Hungarian people as farmers in the Hindu Kush region. The myths that have evolved regarding Hungarian origins are traced back to their origins. Hungarian pre-Christian religious practices are also examined. Finally, not just Hungarian but all Uralic languages are shown to be a form of spoken Sanskrit "slang," based not on word inheritance but on the observational qualities of the object. For example, the Hungarian word for shovel, 'kanal', is derived from the Sanskrit word meaning to dig, 'khana, ' and the Hungarian word for hoe, 'kapa', is from the Sanskrit word for a cavity or hole, 'kupa'. A language law is presented that governs how Sanskrit words were adopted into Hungarian. Even the origins of the word 'Magyar' itself are presented.
Now recognised as the standard work on the subject, Realm of St Stephen is a comprehensive history of medieval Eastern and Central Europe. Pál Engel traces the establishment of the medieval kingdom of Hungary from its conquest by the Magyar tribes in 895 until defeat by the Ottomans at the Battle of Mohacs in 1526. He shows the development of the dominant Magyars who, upon inheriting an almost empty land, absorbed the remaining Slavic peoples into their culture after the original communities had largely disappeared. Engel's book is an accessible and highly readable history. 'This is now the standard English language treatment of medieval Hungary - its internal history as well as its regional and European significance.' --- P W Knoll, University of Southern Carolina (From 'Choice') 'A lively and highly readable narrative ' --- Albrecht Classen, University of Arizona (From 'Mediaevistik')
Surveys Hungary's development from prehistory to the postcommunist era