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The first part of this book provides a description and analysis of agriculture in the Zairian economy. This begins with a focus of agricultural production, then considers economic factors (the importance of agriculture in the Zairian economy as well as the influence of broader macroeconomic policies on agricultural development), and concludes with an examination of the institutions (public, including donor organizations, as well as private) relevant to Zaire's agricultural sector. The second part focuses on the agricultural development of Zaire, beginning first with a review and analysis of the principal constraints on Zaire's agricultural sector. This is followed by a number of policy recommendations oriented to both the Government of Zaire and donor organizations, flowing from the earlier analyses, and seeking to promote sustainable agricultural growth and development in Zaire.
This masterful social and economic history of rural Zaire examines the complex and lasting effects of forced cotton cultivation in central Africa from 1917 to 1960. Osumaka Likaka recreates daily life inside the colonial cotton regime. He shows that, to ensure widespread cotton production and to overcome continued peasant resistance, the colonial state and the cotton companies found it necessary to augment their use of threats and force with efforts to win the cooperation of the peasant farmers, through structural reforms, economic incentives, and propaganda exploiting African popular culture. As local plots of food crops grown by individual households gave way to commercial fields of cotton, a whole host of social, economic, and environmental changes followed. Likaka reveals how food shortages and competition for labor were endemic, forests were cleared, social stratification increased, married women lost their traditional control of agricultural production, and communities became impoverished while local chiefs enlarged their power and prosperity. Likaka documents how the cotton regime promoted its cause through agricultural exhibits, cotton festivals, films, and plays, as well as by raising producer prices and decreasing tax rates. He also shows how the peasant laborers in turn resisted regimented agricultural production by migrating, fleeing the farms for the bush, or sabotaging plantings by surreptitiously boiling cotton seeds. Small farmers who had received appallingly low prices from the cotton companies resisted by stealing back their cotton by night from the warehouses, to resell it in the morning. Likaka draws on interviews with more than fifty informants in Zaire and Belgium and reviews an impressive array of archival materials, from court records to comic books. In uncovering the tumultuous economic and social consequences of the cotton regime and by emphasizing its effects on social institutions, Likaka enriches historical understanding of African agriculture and development.
Objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the fertilizer use situation in Zaire; (2) identify obstacles to increased fertilizer use; (3) develop alternatives the GOZ might follow in developing programs and policies for production, distribution, and use of fertilizer on an economically sound basis.
Janet MacGaffey examines the case of Zaire where, according to the published statistics, wages are at starvation level, production is declining and the infrastructure is falling apart. The center is increasingly held by "system D," the second economy, whose activities, often illegal, take place outside the official economy.
This book looks at 55 years of independence, over eight decades of colonial rule, and earlier kingdoms and groups that shared the Congolese territory. This fourth edition highlights new developments and the increasing importance of the DRC in the Great Lakes Region and Africa, in particular, as well as its important role in the international environment.. This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Democratic Republic of the Congo.