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"This report presents a recommended procedure for evaluating air-entraining admixtures used in highway concrete. The procedure involves the testing of non-air-entrained concrete and concrete containing the air-entraining admixture under simulated field conditions. Criteria are proposed for acceptance of admixtures for use in either highway pavements or structures. The recommended procedure and acceptance criteria will guide materials engineers in evaluating and selecting air-entraining admixtures that should contribute to appropriate freeze-thaw durability and thus to good performance and long service life. The content of the report will be of immediate interest to materials engineers, researchers, and others concerned with the design of concrete mixtures for use in highway pavements and structures."--taken from Foreword, page [v].
Since the publication of the first edition ten years ago, significant developments have occurred in the use of admixtures in concrete. Eight new chapters and a full update of the preceding ten chapters bring this book up to date; reflecting the relative advances made in the science and technology of different groups of admixtures. The increased role and development of admixtures in concrete technology is evidenced by a number of conferences, publications, and novel admixtures available in the market place. These developments in the field caused the modification of many chapters in the first edition in order to reflect the advances. Although individual chapters refer to standards and specifications of admixtures, those only interested in the standards or techniques used in investigating admixtures will find the second chapter (Research Technologies, Standards, and Specifications) useful. Admixtures are not as inert as may be presumed. They may chemically interact with the constituents of concrete and affect the properties of the fresh and hardened concrete and its durability. The third chapter deals with these aspects. It was important to devote a chapter to recent attempts in developing new admixtures.
This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of durability of the frost resistance of concrete. It will enable both concrete materials specialists and practising engineers to better understand the deterioration processes which take place during freezing and thawing, and the effects of de-icing salts on concrete. It shows how test pro
This study evaluated the impacts of construction on the air content and air-void system structure of Portland cement concrete pavements. The primary intent was to quantify the air content of fresh concrete before and after it has gone through the slipform paver. The air-void system parameters of hardened concrete were then assessed using cast and extracted core specimens. The results of the air content testing on fresh concrete and the concrete cylinder specimens cast in the field suggested that there is some loss of air as the concrete passes through the paver. Laboratory testing performed on cores extracted from the pavement did not provide any conclusive evidence that entrained air is lost during the slipform paving process. In fact, many of the extracted cores had measured air content values that were much higher than the specification requirement. If excessive, this could result in increased permeability and low-strength related issues. Although a rigorous statistical analysis was not performed, the results suggest that the air content testing on fresh concrete is not capturing the true air content of the concrete placed with a slipform paver. The fresh concrete air content is generally lower than the air content measured in the cores.