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To understand technological dependence and self-reliance in the manufacturing industries of the Third World, Sahu tests the main propositions of the two theories on technology transfer. He focuses particularly on understanding the shifting bargaining power of the multinationals, the state and private national capital; the process of acquisition, assimilation, adaptation, and generation of technology at the firm level; the role of the public sector and state regulations and control in the development of technological capability and self-reliant development; the conditions—domestic and international—that allow a developing country to move from a situation of dependency to self-reliance; and the phenomenon of reverse flow of technology from the Third World. According to Sahu, dependency theory is inadequate because of its structural mode of analysis, which portrays dependency as a determinant international structure rather than as a set of shifting constraints within which states seek to maneuver. Though its single-cause explanation of technological dependence in the Third World is helpful in explaining the phenomenon of the technological gap between India and its technology suppliers, it does not explain the growing bargaining power of the state and the national capital vis-a-vis multinationals in the last two decades. But according to Professor Sahu, the more sophisticated and dynamic bargaining framework, which considers dependency to be one of the many possible outcomes of technology transfer, helps researchers better understand the changing situations of developing countries, particularly the Indian situation since the early 1970s. An important study for researchers and policy makers dealing with economic development in emerging markets, particularly India.
To understand technological dependence and self-reliance in the manufacturing industries of the Third World, Sahu tests the main propositions of the two theories on technology transfer. He focuses particularly on understanding the shifting bargaining power of the multinationals, the state and private national capital; the process of acquisition, assimilation, adaptation, and generation of technology at the firm level; the role of the public sector and state regulations and control in the development of technological capability and self-reliant development; the conditions—domestic and international—that allow a developing country to move from a situation of dependency to self-reliance; and the phenomenon of reverse flow of technology from the Third World. According to Sahu, dependency theory is inadequate because of its structural mode of analysis, which portrays dependency as a determinant international structure rather than as a set of shifting constraints within which states seek to maneuver. Though its single-cause explanation of technological dependence in the Third World is helpful in explaining the phenomenon of the technological gap between India and its technology suppliers, it does not explain the growing bargaining power of the state and the national capital vis-a-vis multinationals in the last two decades. But according to Professor Sahu, the more sophisticated and dynamic bargaining framework, which considers dependency to be one of the many possible outcomes of technology transfer, helps researchers better understand the changing situations of developing countries, particularly the Indian situation since the early 1970s. An important study for researchers and policy makers dealing with economic development in emerging markets, particularly India.
Mass media, telecommunications, and computer technology can effect change in poor countries, but Third World leaders are often disappointed in the results. Professor Stover looks closely at information technology and communication as agents of economic, social, and political development in Third World countries, stressing that definitions of "communication" and "development" must include participation in the exchange of information and the attainment of humane values. He examines reasons why the current world information order does not meet the needs of the Third World and argues that the major difficulty in achieving the potential of information technology for humane development is a cyclical pattern involving technology and values. When countries acquire the physical means of communication, their leaders are tempted to control them, resulting in censorship that prevents genuine communication. Breaking this cycle is a major requirement in using information technology for development, and Dr. Stover discusses how this may be accomplished practically in developmental, Western, and Soviet contexts.
This publication contains three case studies which seek to disseminate information on best practices for promoting transfer of technology in developing countries, in order to help establish new industries which can successfully compete in the global economy. These studies were carried out under the UNCTAD/UNDP Programme on Globalization, Liberalization and Sustainable Human Development, and deal with aircraft manufacturing in Brazil, the pharmaceuticals sector in India and the automobile industry in South Africa.
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Market Menagerie examines technological advance and market regulation in the health industries of nations such as India, Brazil, South Africa, Nigeria, and Japan. Pharmaceutical and life science industries can reinforce economic development and industry growth, but not necessarily positive health outcomes. Yet well-crafted industrial and health policies can strengthen each other and reconcile economic and social goals. This book advocates moving beyond traditional market failure to bring together three uncommonly paired themes: the growth of industrial capabilities, the politics of health access, and the geography of production and redistribution.
“The most fundamental difference between ‘developing’ and ‘developed’ societies is technology, in a broad yet specific sense”; so states the author of this important study, Liberation and Technology: Development possibilities in pursuing technological autonomy. The ways in which technology is developed, institutionalized, animated and celebrated, form the core of ‘development’ (human, economic, environmental, etc.) and ultimately civilization itself. But ‘techno-spheres’ are not only technical. They are also social, political, and ideological. For societies and countries that have long been kept from realizing their own prosperity and dignity, development is also liberation. The main treatise of this book is that each developing society ought to seek to achieve technological autonomy in its quest for positive transformations and prosperity for its people. Technological autonomy is about attaining a high level of self-determination in planning and managing technological affairs. Attaining endogenous capacity to guide and execute decisions on production and innovation; creating and transferring key technological products and services; steering relevant foreign and local investment as well as trade; setting own priorities of development free from external manipulation; are goals that must be central to such planning efforts. With evidence and argument, and in plain language, this book suggests a novel way of thinking about development, through envisioning and building better techno-social systems. For these reasons this book is a welcome addition to the body of ideas informing practitioners and theorists in the field of development—political leaders, economists, sociologists, engineers, technologists, scientists, scholars, planners and activists who are involved in relevant development processes and liberation struggles.
Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.
This examines the relationship between technological growth and outward direct investment from firms in Asia and Latin America which has become increasingly siginificant as these countries develop.