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In Japan, the team teaching of English language classes has been a growing phenomenon since the late 1980s. Team teaching typically involves two teachers: a Japanese teacher of English who has a university degree in English or education and a teaching qualification, and an assistant English teacher who is usually an untrained recent university graduate from Britain, the United States, or another country whose citizens are primarily native English speakers. The goal of team teaching is to improve Japanese students' English abilities by having a native English speaking assistant in the class as a model of the target language. These assistants are often popular with students, their parents and administrators, primarily because they are seen to provide motivation for language learning. Japanese teachers may also appreciate assistants, especially as co-workers with whom the workload can be shared. However, there are also problems which are sometimes ignored in surface-level discussions of team teaching. This book describes the origins team teaching in relation to the growth of English as a lingua franca.
This book provides insights into the professional and personal lives of local language teachers and foreign language teachers who conduct team-taught lessons together. It does this by using the Japanese context as an illustrative example. It re-explores in this context the professional experiences and personal positionings of Japanese teachers of English (JTEs) and foreign assistant language teachers (ALTs), as well as their team-teaching practices in Japan. This edited book is innovative in that 14 original empirical studies offer a comprehensive overview of the day-to-day professional experiences and realities of these team teachers in Japan, with its focus on their cognitive, ideological, and affective components. This is a multifaceted exploration into team teachers in their gestalt—who they are to themselves and in relation to their students, colleagues, community members, and crucially to their teaching partners. This book, therefore, offers several empirical and practical applications for future endeavors involving team teachers and those who engage with them—including their key stakeholders, such as researchers on them, their teacher educators, local boards of education, governments, and language learners from around the world.
This book reignites discussion on the importance of collaboration and innovation in language education. The pivotal difference highlighted in this volume is the concept of team learning through collaborative relationships such as team teaching. It explores ways in which team learning happens in ELT environments and what emerges from these explorations is a more robust concept of team learning in language education. Coupled with this deeper understanding, the value of participant research is emphasised by defining the notion of ‘team’ to include all participants in the educational experience. Authors in this volume position practice ahead of theory as they struggle to make sense of the complex phenomena of language teaching and learning. The focus of this book is on the nexus between ELT theory and practice as viewed through the lens of collaboration. The volume aims to add to the current knowledge base in order to bridge the theory-practice gap regarding collaboration for innovation in language classrooms.
In Japan the team teaching of English language classes has been a growing phenomenon since the late 1980s. Team teaching typically involves two teachers: a Japanese teacher of English (JTE) who has a university degree in English or education and a teaching qualification, and an assistant English teacher (AET) who is usually an untrained recent university graduate from Britain, the United States or another country whose citizens are primarily thought to be native English speakers. The stated goal of team teaching is to improve Japanese students' English abilities by having a native English speaking AET in the class as a model of the target language. AETs are often popular with students, their parents and administrators, primarily because they are seen to provide motivation for language learning. JTEs may appreciate AETs, especially as co-workers to share the workload with, something any teacher would certainly appreciate. -- Less research has been done into asking JTEs how they feel about team teaching as it relates to their identities as teachers and as English speakers. For this thesis I used qualitative research interviews and classroom observation to investigate what it means to be a Japanese teacher of English who working with an AET. This data was related to the relevant literature. Several key findings were uncovered: JTEs receive no training on team teaching, leaving them feeling unable to manage their AET partners; JTEs feel that AETs speak 'real' English, leaving JTEs in the unenviable position of being expected to teach a language that they are not thought to have mastered; AETs provide students with little exposure to 'real' English; JTEs sometimes disparage AETs' teaching skills and distrust AETs' motives for working in Japan; and JTEs do not feel they themselves have the skills to teach English.
This book reveals the underlying connections among global issues, national policy-making, and local practices related to partnership, or team-teaching, in English language lessons in the Japanese Junior High School context. It investigates the complex relationship among team-teachers, students, and wider stakeholders, such as the local Board of Education, Ministry of Education and other non-educational influences at the political, social and economic levels. The book offers essential knowledge for scholars, students and policy makers who are interested in, or have experienced, team-teaching in the Japanese school context. Additionally, team-teaching in English classrooms is widely implemented not only in Japan, but also other Asian countries. Similar types of joint instruction are also seen in collaborative teaching in British schools and in European schools in which Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has been carried out. In this sense, this study into the particular Japanese context provides both valuable insights into the multi-layered influences on Japanese secondary school English education, and also a model of research methodology into team-teaching contexts in wider contexts.
Much has been written about the cognitive and academic language needs of those learning English as a new language (be it a second language in the United States or other English-speaking countries or as a foreign language in all other parts of the world). Many guidebooks and professional development materials have been produced on teacher collaboration and co-teaching for special education, inclusive classrooms. Similarly, much has been published about effective strategies teachers can use to offer more culturally and linguistically responsive instruction to their language learners. However, only a few resources are available to help general education teachers and ESL (English-as-a-second-language) specialists, or two English-as-aforeign-language (EFL) teachers (such as native and nonnative English speaking) teachers to collaborate effectively. With this volume, our goal is to offer an accessible resource, long-awaited by educators whose individual instructional practice and/or institutional paradigm shifted to a more collaborative approach to language education. Through this collection of chapters, we closely examine ESL/EFL co-teaching and other collaborative practices by (a) exploring the rationale for teacher collaboration to support ESL/EFL instruction, (b) presenting current, classroom-based, practitioner-oriented research studies and documentary accounts related to co-teaching, co-planning, co-assessing, curriculum alignment, teacher professional development, and additional collaborative practices, and (c) offering authentic teacher reflections and recommendations on collaboration and co-teaching. These three major themes are woven together throughout the entire volume, designed as a reference to both novice and experienced teachers in their endeavors to provide effective integrated, collaborative instruction for EFL or ESL learners. We also intend to help preservice and inservice ESL/EFL teachers, teacher educators, professional developers, ESL/EFL program directors, and administrators to find answers to critical questions.
This book reignites discussion on the importance of collaboration and innovation in language education. The pivotal difference highlighted in this volume is the concept of team learning through collaborative relationships such as team teaching. It explores ways in which team learning happens in ELT environments and what emerges from these explorations is a more robust concept of team learning in language education. Coupled with this deeper understanding, the value of participant research is emphasised by defining the notion of ‘team’ to include all participants in the educational experience. Authors in this volume position practice ahead of theory as they struggle to make sense of the complex phenomena of language teaching and learning. The focus of this book is on the nexus between ELT theory and practice as viewed through the lens of collaboration. The volume aims to add to the current knowledge base in order to bridge the theory-practice gap regarding collaboration for innovation in language classrooms.
This book examines the process of identity (re)construction for assistant language teachers (ALTs) in foreign language classrooms in Japan, using Narrative Inquiry as a tool to provide a multifaceted perspective on their personal and professional growth. To develop a thorough understanding of the classroom, the author proposes three different types of awareness from the perspective of sociocultural theory. Each type of awareness is a unique lens through which to see the teachers’ world of language teaching within the classroom. Finally, the book discusses teacher development, teaching theory, and identity based on analysis of the narrative data. The book offers useful pedagogical insights that may have implications for teacher development and principles of language team teaching for teachers, teacher trainers, ALTs, boards of education, and university students of English and language education, including English as a Foreign Language (EFL).