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ABSTRACT: This investigation extended the literature on classroom based assessments and interventions with disruptive behavior by training general education middle school teachers to conduct functional analyses, measuring the integrity with which they implemented functional analysis procedures in their classrooms, and evaluating the effects of functional analysis on students' rates of appropriate classroom behavior. Behavioral consultation procedures, including performance feedback, were used to support and maintain teachers' levels of integrity throughout the assessment process. Results indicated that teachers were able to implement functional analysis conditions with high integrity during the training phase of assessment. However, during classroom based functional analyses, two teachers demonstrated high procedural integrity and one teacher demonstrated variables rates of procedural integrity. Functional analysis yielded consistent results regarding the classroom behavior of one student. Factors contributing to valid functional analysis results appeared to include high procedural integrity by the implementing teacher and limited student reactivity to the assessment process. Social acceptability findings indicate that all teachers found the procedure to be useful for the assessment of behavior demonstrated by disruptive students, and that they valued the information obtained. However, teachers raised concerns about the feasibility of using a highly time intensive process to reduce rates of disruption. Consultation was an effective way to support teachers in the implementation of a classroom-based functional analysis; highly collaborative consultation appeared to produce the best outcomes via both teacher integrity and student response to the functional analysis.
"Classroom Pivotal Response Teaching, or CPRT, was developed to help meet the educational needs of young children with autism. CPRT (originally called Pivotal Response Training or Treatment) is a form of naturalistic behavioral intervention, based on theprinciples of applied behavior analysis (ABA), and is soundly supported in the scientific literature. This manual will describe the components of CPRT and how to implement the approach in your classroom. Although this manual is geared primarily toward preschool through grade 3 teachers, CPRT strategies can be used by a variety of professionals. Speech and language pathologists, occupational therapists, behavior specialists, psychologists and other teaching professionals may all find CPRT a valuable strategy. Additionally, the techniques in this manual may be useful with typically developing children and those with a variety of special needs. Most children can benefit from this structured, systematic approach that utilizes naturally occurring teaching opportunities. One of the strengths of this approach is that it is adaptable to a wide range of teaching goals and service settings. All who teach are encouraged to integrate CPRT into their existing strategies as often as possible"--Provided by publisher.
The number of children diagnosed with autism has increased dramatically in the last decade, and a growing number of behavior analysts, psychologists, educators, and speech pathologists-to name a few-are just starting to regularly treat individuals with autism. Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require specialized instruction and behavior support to teach them critical skills and establish a meaningful quality of life. However, these objectives can only be achieved if professional and paraprofessional service providers have access to the most effective evidence-based and empirically supported methods for teaching children with autism. Similarly, practitioners must know about effective intervention methods that can be implemented to reduce and eliminate problem behaviors frequently displayed by people who have ASD. This guide is an indispensible asset, appropriate for any behavioral specialist, on all aspects of this increasingly prevalent disorder. Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder brings together contributed chapters on assessment, instruction, and behavioral intervention procedures unique to the autism population. Each chapter covers a single topic according to a uniform format, which will ease comprehension and facilitate procedural adaptation in "real world" settings such as school, home, and the community. Usable advice and methods for teaching difficult skills, such as self-care, verbal language, and communication, are provided. Authored by recognized experts, the concise and readable chapters also feature forms, illustrations, summary tables, and resource lists to further guide practitioners in selecting "best practice" methods. Taking into account specific settings, different age groups, and practitioner experience, this book will serve as a resource for educators, psychologists, and behavior specialists in the field of autism education and treatment, and as an educational tool for those enrolled in university classes training to become practitioners.
There are several reasons for providing sexuality education to individuals with autism including supporting healthy development and preventing undesirable outcomes. Supporting healthy development is predicated on notions that humans are inherently sexual beings and that knowledge about sexual development can empower the individual and contribute to more satisfying outcomes. Individuals with autism are at risk for poor outcomes in each of these areas, and specialized sexuality education may help reduce this risk. Ultimately, providing sexuality education to individuals with autism should lead to tangible, observable, and valuable outcomes that improve quality of life. However, many families, teachers, and therapists struggle with how to teach sexuality education to people with autism. Cases on Teaching Sexuality Education to Individuals With Autism is a critical scholarly resource that provides real case studies that show teachers, behavior analysts, and other stakeholders how to address sexuality education and problem behaviors using evidence-based practices. The case studies detail how teachers and therapists make treatment decisions, include family values and cultural beliefs in treatment, and use data to drive treatment decisions. Featuring a wide range of topics such as developmental disabilities, psychosexual development, and special education, this book is ideal for teachers, parents, therapists, behavior analysts, educational professionals, academicians, administrators, curriculum developers, researchers, and students.
Contains protocols for basic language skills most children with language disorder need to be taught in the initial stages of treatment. The protocols give scripted scenarios for teaching most of the bound morphemes of English that children with language disorder typically lack. These include: basic words; regular and irregular plurals; possessive; present progressive; prepositions; pronouns; auxiliaries and copula; regular and irregular past tense; articles; conjunctions; adverbs; regular third person singular. For each target skill, 20 exemplars are available for the clinician to baserate, treat, and probe for generalized production. Most children can be advanced to relatively complex social communication skill level training only when they have mastered the basic morphologic features.
Designed for both researchers and practitioners, this book is a guide to bridging the gap between the knowledge generated by scientific research and application of that knowledge to educational practice. With the emphasis on evidence-based practice in the schools growing exponentially, school practitioners must learn how to understand, judge, and make use of the research being produced to full effect. Conversely, researchers must understand what is being used in "real-world" settings, and what is still needed.The editors of this book have outlined this process as a series of steps, beginning with being a critical consumer of current research literature, followed by concepts to consider in translating research into practice: systems issues at local, district, and state levels; the role of teachers in program implementation; evaluation of implementation effectiveness, and preservice and inservice professional development of teachers and psychologists. Each chapter is written by leaders on the topic, and contributors include both researchers and school-based practitioners.With contributing authors from a variety of disciplines, this book is an invaluable treatise on current understanding of the complexities of translating research into educational practice.
Social Stories[trademark] are one of the most commonly-used interventions for children with autism (Green et al., 2006; Hess, Morrier, Heflin, [and] Ivey, 2008; Stahmer, Collings, [and] Palinkas, 2005). While there is a rapidly-growing literature base of Social Stories research, much of the work has focused on student behavior in special education resource settings; the current study examines the use of Social Stories with students in inclusive general education settings. Six students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders participated and behaviors that occurred in the general education classroom were selected as targets. Pre-service teachers, autism resource teachers, and a paraprofessional were trained to implement the intervention. Social Stories were presented on a personal computer for 5 of 6 participants; the 6th participant's Social Story was presented in a bound book. Participants were observed in their general education classrooms during 30 min data collection sessions. A multiple baseline across participants design was used. For 3 participants, an alternating treatments design was also used, which examined 2 conditions: an Immediate condition in which classroom probes were conducted immediately following Social Stories intervention sessions, and a Delay condition in which a time delay of at least 3.5 hrs was presented between intervention and observation sessions. Results of the Immediate vs. Delay conditions show no conclusive effects of one condition over the other. Overall, results indicate improvements in target behaviors for 5 of 6 participants. Peer comparison data indicate that participants who showed improvement in their behavior performed the target skills at levels comparable to classmates without disabilities. Treatment fidelity data indicate that pre-service teachers were able to accurately implement the intervention over the course of the study. Social validity questionnaires were distributed to in-service and pre-service teachers, who rated the intervention as acceptable and feasible within the classroom setting. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.
The current study assessed the effectiveness of Teacher-Child Interaction Training (TCIT), an adaptation of Eyeberg's Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), on teacher and child behaviors in a day-treatment preschool setting. The sample included 5 day-treatment classrooms in an urban, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and culturally diverse setting. The study utilized a concurrent multiple probe design across classroom settings (3 training groups consisting of 5 classrooms) to evaluate the effects of didactic and in-vivo coaching on teacher and child behaviors in the training and classroom settings. Results indicated that all teachers' use of positive behaviors increased and negative behaviors decreased during pull-out sessions; all 5 teachers attained CDI and TDI mastery criteria. Results also indicated some evidence of spontaneous generalization of teachers' use of Labeled Praises to the classroom setting, while other teacher behaviors did not generalize. Results on child behavior were variable and failed to demonstrate consistent improvements in the classroom setting; this finding is understood given the lack of generalization of teachers' behaviors to the classroom. These findings provide initial support for the use of TCIT to improve teachers' behavior management skills, as well as support for the feasibility of implementing TCIT with fidelity to the PCIT manual. Additionally, the study offers insight into the possible need for additional adaptations to train teachers in how and when to implement the TCIT skills under high stress in-vivo classroom conditions.
The ultimate comprehensive and competency-based approach to effective supervision of behavior analysts Now in its second edition, this comprehensive guide offers a roadmap for both the supervisor and supervisee, presenting step-by-step guidance, practical activities, and case scenarios to foster growth and success in the supervisory relationship. Drawing from extensive research and over 35 years of combined experience, the authors provide practical tools and insights to navigate the complexities of supervision in behavior analysis. From establishing a competency-based framework to fostering cultural responsiveness and ethical conduct, this revised edition equips supervisors and supervisees with the resources needed to excel in their roles. Chapters align to the Board Certified Behavior Analyst Test Content Outline (6th ed.), with the second half of the book focusing on competencies developed by the authors. Within each competency are practical activities exploring different skill levels, allowing for individualized growth strategies. With a focus on enabling supervisees to take ownership of their personal growth and development, this book equips both parties with the tools needed to excel in their roles. New to the Second Edition: Expanded content on how to foster and strengthen the supervisor-supervisee relationship. Integrated essential topics such as compassionate care and trauma-informed practice. Updated content throughout to reflect changes in supervision research and growth of the literature. Incorporated cultural responsiveness and ethical conduct into all competency areas. Key Features: Step-by-step guides for running supervision meetings streamline the process for supervisors and empower supervisees to take control of their own development. Emphasis on the supervisee’s experience enhances outcomes by addressing the interdependent nature of the supervisor-supervisee relationship. Practical activities, case scenarios, and meeting templates provide tangible resources for supervisors to tailor supervision to individual needs. Competencies are broken down into different skill levels, allowing for targeted development and increased individualization. Written by seasoned professionals with over three decades of supervisory experience in different contexts, offering unparalleled expertise and perspective.