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Safe and independent gait is one of the most important physical function of human. Gait training is essential to people with gait difficulty. Although there are many types of gait training strategy, there are no consensus on which one is the best. Gait training strategy can be divided into compensatory approaches and restorative approaches. Although people with severe impairment wish to restore normal walking, it is too difficult to use their involved body part normally in gait. Also, people use compensatory approaches in gait even in training session. Therefore forced use of involved body part is indispensable in gait training to people with severe impairment. This book introduces new gait training frame which uses forced use of affected body part. First, strengthening of weakened muscle, second, step up with affected lower limb, third, step down with weight support with affected lower limb, and fourth is step down touch. Actual gait training starts after people can support their body weight and maintain balance with affected lower limb, without using hand. With this approach, people can restore impaired body function, regain more normal gait, and can reach optimal outcome.
This open access book focuses on practical clinical problems that are frequently encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Consequences of diseases, e.g. impairments and activity limitations, are addressed in rehabilitation with the overall goal to reduce disability and promote participation. Based on the available best external evidence, clinical pathways are described for stroke rehabilitation bridging the gap between clinical evidence and clinical decision-making. The clinical pathways answer the questions which rehabilitation treatment options are beneficial to overcome specific impairment constellations and activity limitations and are well acceptable to stroke survivors, as well as when and in which settings to provide rehabilitation over the course of recovery post stroke. Each chapter starts with a description of the clinical problem encountered. This is followed by a systematic, but concise review of the evidence (RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analyses) that is relevant for clinical decision-making, and comments on assessment, therapy (training, technology, medication), and the use of technical aids as appropriate. Based on these summaries, clinical algorithms / pathways are provided and the main clinical-decision situations are portrayed. The book is invaluable for all neurorehabilitation team members, clinicians, nurses, and therapists in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and related fields. It is a World Federation for NeuroRehabilitation (WFNR) educational initiative, bridging the gap between the rapidly expanding clinical research in stroke rehabilitation and clinical practice across societies and continents. It can be used for both clinical decision-making for individuals and as well as clinical background knowledge for stroke rehabilitation service development initiatives.
Constraint-Induced Movement therapy (CI therapy) is a behavioral approach to neurorehabilitation based on a program of neuroscience experiments conducted with monkeys. Evidence has accumulated to support the efficacy of CI therapy for rehabilitating hemiparetic arm use in individuals with chronic stroke. This book addresses the related topics.
Life Span Motor Development, Seventh Edition With HKPropel Access, is a leading text for helping students examine and understand how interactions of the developing and maturing individual, the environment, and the task being performed bring about changes in a person’s movements. This model of constraints approach, combined with an unprecedented collection of video clips marking motor development milestones, facilitates an unmatched learning experience for the study of motor development across the life span. The seventh edition expands the tradition of making the student’s experience with motor development an interactive one. Related online learning tools delivered through HKPropel include more than 190 video clips marking motor development milestones to sharpen observation techniques, with interactive questions and 47 lab activities to facilitate critical thinking and hands-on application. The lab activities may be assigned and tracked by instructors through HKPropel, along with chapter quizzes (assessments) that are automatically graded to test comprehension of critical concepts. The text also contains several updates to keep pace with the changing field: Content related to physcial growth and development of the skeletal, muscle, and adipose systems is reorganized chronologically for a more logical progression. New material on developmental motor learning demonstrates the overlap between the disciplines of motor development and motor learning. New insights into motor competence help explain the relationship between skill development and physical fitness. The text helps students understand how maturational age and chronological age are distinct and how functional constraints affect motor skill development and learning. It shows how the four components of physical fitness—cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, flexibility, and body composition—interact to affect a person’s movements over the life span, and describes how relevant social, cultural, psychosocial, and cognitive influences can affect a person’s movements. This edition comes with 148 illustrations, 60 photos, and 25 tables—all in full color—to help explain concepts and to make the text more engaging for students. It also retains helpful learning aids including chapter objectives, a running glossary, key points, sidebars, and application questions throughout each chapter. Life Span Motor Development, Seventh Edition, embraces an interactive and practical approach to illustrate the most recent research in motor development. Students will come away with a firm understanding of the concepts and how they apply to real-world situations. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is not included with this ebook but may be purchased separately.
Physical rehabilitation for walking recovery after spinal cord injury is undergoing a paradigm shift. Therapy historically has focused on compensation for sensorimotor deficits after SCI using wheelchairs and bracing to achieve mobility. With locomotor training, the aim is to promote recovery via activation of the neuromuscular system below the level of the lesion. What basic scientists have shown us as the potential of the nervous system for plasticity, to learn, even after injury is being translated into a rehabilitation strategy by taking advantage of the intrinsic biology of the central nervous system. While spinal cord injury from basic and clinical perspectives was the gateway for developing locomotor training, its application has been extended to other populations with neurologic dysfunction resulting in loss of walking or walking disability.
Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.