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Sri Ramakrishna is widely known as a nineteenth-century Indian mystic who affirmed the harmony of all religions on the basis of his richly varied spiritual experiences and eclectic religious practices, both Hindu and non-Hindu. In Infinite Paths to Infinite Reality, Ayon Maharaj argues that Sri Ramakrishna was also a sophisticated philosopher of great contemporary relevance. Through a careful study of Sri Ramakrishna's recorded oral teachings in the original Bengali, Maharaj reconstructs his philosophical positions and analyzes them from a cross-cultural perspective. Sri Ramakrishna's spiritual journey culminated in the exalted state of "vijñana," his term for the "intimate knowledge" of God as the Infinite Reality that is both personal and impersonal, with and without form, immanent in the universe and beyond it. This expansive spiritual standpoint of vijñana, Maharaj contends, opens up a new paradigm for addressing central issues in cross-cultural philosophy of religion, including divine infinitude, religious pluralism, mystical experience, and the problem of evil. Sri Ramakrishna's vijñana-based religious pluralism--when grasped in all its subtlety--proves to have major philosophical advantages over dominant Western models. Moreover, his mystical testimony and teachings not only cut across long-standing debates about the nature of mystical experience but also bolster recent defenses of its epistemic value. Maharaj further demonstrates that Sri Ramakrishna's unique response to the problem of evil resonates strongly with Western "soul-making" theodicies and contemporary theories of skeptical theism. A pioneering interdisciplinary study of one of India's most important philosopher-mystics, Maharaj's book is essential reading for scholars and students in philosophy of religion, theology, religious studies, and Hindu studies.
It is the thought of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan that is most often presented in the West as "Hinduism." He was a remarkable man. In addition to having been President of India while Nehru was Prime Minister, and the Indian Ambassador to the Soviet Union, he held the Spaulding Chair of Comparative Religion and Ethics at Oxford University. And he continues to be a culture hero of India. Radhakrishnan's thought developed in the context of his full life. Robert Minor places his thought in that context. His book traces the influences on him and the growth of his thought from his birth in Tirutani to his retirement to Madras. The book contains a complete bibliography of Radhakrishnan's writings and of the secondary literature.
This is the first book which compares the philosophical views of Tagore and Gandhi, who were the most important thinkers of Modern India. They have not conceived God in traditional way but rather in humanistic way which relates to present day thinking mind. Neither have left any systematic presentation of their ideas about God.It has been deciphered from their poerty, writings, speeches, discourses and letters.Present-day concept of God has evolved from rudimentary ideas of God. Even in the present scientific age, we come across different ideas about God in different men. The layman, the man on the street with little or no education has an idea of God much different from the idea of God which a cultured and educated holds.Almost all the Indian contemporary thinkers have been influenced by the basic scriptures of the Hindus. Tagore and Gandhi have also been influenced by them. Tagore and Gandhi both had contacts with the Muslims and the Christian missionaries who had come to India. Of these, the Christian missionaries made scathing attacks on the Hindu religion and practices. Both Tagore and Gandhi visited Europe and came into contact with the Unitarian Christianity. It is possible that their thinking about God might have been influenced by such contacts.
The Nobel Prize winner, Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) - 'the Indian Goethe', as Albert Schweitzer called him - was not only the foremost poet and playwright of modern India, but one of its most profound and influential thinkers. Kalyan Sen Gupta's book is the first comprehensive introduction to Tagore's philosophical, socio-political and religious thinking. Drawing on Rabindranath's poetry as well as his essays, and against the background theme of his deep sensitivity to the holistic character of human life and the natural world, Sen Gupta explores the wide range of Tagore's thought. His idea of spirituality, his reflections on the significance of death, his educational innovations and his relationship to his great contemporary, Gandhi, are among the topics that Sen Gupta discusses - as are Tagore's views on marriage, his distinctive understanding of Hinduism, and his prescient concerns for the natural environment. The author does not disguise the tensions to be found in Tagore's writings, but endorses the great poet's own conviction that these are tensions resolvable at the level of a creative life, if not at that of abstract thought.
This book presents a critical and comprehensive biography of Radhakrishnan. The authors explain how Radhakrishnan, who had a British knighthood and an Oxford Professorship, and who did not participate in India’s struggle for freedom, became important in the political life of Independent India. They show how this philosophy professor and vice chancellor often expressed radical views, developed rapport with national leaders, and became President of Indian under Nehru without losing the goodwill and regard of either the British intellectuals or the colonial government of India. It is the thought of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan that is most often presented in the West as “Hinduism.” Through an analysis of his autobiographical sketches, writings of those who knew him and worked with him, and documents, the authors come to grips with Radhakrishnan’s complex personality which, in spite of his greatness and varied achievements, is all too human.
About the Book :Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, former president of India, is regarded as one of the representative of its rich philosophic tradition and its leading spokesman dor a reconciliation of Eastern and western spiritual values Sarvepalli himself has
One of the most profoundly religious books of our time - The Spectator Science is a system of second causes, which cannot describe the world adequately, much less account for it. In this remarkable treatise, Radhakrishnan explores aspects of the modern intellectual debate on science vis-a-vis religion and the vain attempts to find a substitute for religion. He discusses, drawing upon the traditions of East and West, the nature and validity of religious experience.Finally, he creates a fine vision of mans evolution and the emergence of higher values. The range of subjects combined with the authors own faith, undogmatic and free of creed, makes this book a philosophical education in itself.