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The present volume, Nr. 5 in the T:VS series is an example of a handbook volume for working in vegetation science. Anyone working and teaching in this field knows the difficulties in obtaining basic environmental da ta needed for research and interpretation. There are regional publications and there are other data sets availa ble. In both cases the distribution is limited. The present volume by Dr. Muller intends to provide a selection of climatic parameters as they are commonly needed for the work of the vegetation scientist. The same set of monthly mean values are provided for about 1000 stations distributed as evenly as possible over the global land surfaces. The tabular presentation of data from the individual stations is put into a geographical context through va rious means. Climatological classifications according to KOPPEN/GEIGER and TROLL/PAFFEN are inclu ded as well as a revised system of climate diagrams from WALTER and LlETH. In the present form the glo bal standard climate data set should prove to be useful for vegetation science, biometeorology, agriculture, and forestry as well as general geography. I have to thank Dr. Muller for providing this valuable work to the T:VS series. I am sure that this selection of climatic data for the special needs of vegetation scientists will help many colleagues in different parts of the world.
"This atlas has been prepared for the radio engineer who wants an estimate of the behavior of the radio refractive index at any point on the earth."--Pref. "This atlas presents world maps and graphs of upper-air radio refractivity, mean monthly, extreme values of gradients of refractivity observed in the lowest layer of the atmosphere ..., and monthly mean tropopause heights."--Abstract. Published 1966.
The diversity of life is displayed by a diversity the biodiversity elements. These unique of structural and functional elements. Many approaches are usually tailored to the region of aspects of this diversity are critical for main the world where the scientists' work is focused. taining the healthy functioning of biological This book presents accounts of many tech systems both within short and long time scales. niques that are currently being used in different Some highly diverse features of nature arise parts of the globe by conservation scientists. simply from the heterogeneous patterns that Many different techniques are necessary to comprise the web of nature. Many of these handle the differences in data types and data features contribute to the beauty and quality of coverages that occur across the globe. Also, a life. Humans do not yet understand enough variety of mapping approaches are needed about the complexity of nature to distinguish today to strengthen the many diverse critical those elements that act to support natural conservation objectives. These objectives include vitality from those elements that contribute the identification of the distribution patterns exclusively to our experience of beauty and for a species or habitat type and the placement quality in life. of protected area boundaries.
This book, first published in 1976 and in this second edition in 1988, combines an examination of the political, cultural and economic geography of the Middle East with a detailed study of the region’s landscape features, natural resources, environmental conditions and ecological evolution. The Middle East, with its extremes of climate and terrain, has long fascinated those interested in the fine balance between man and his environment, and now its economic and political importance in world affairs has brought the region to the attention of everybody.
During the summer of 1987, a series of discussions I was held at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (nASA) in Laxenburg, Austria, to plan a study of global vegetation change. The work was aimed at promoting the Interna tional Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), sponsored by the International Council of Scientific Unions (lCSU), of which nASA is a member. Our study was designed to provide initial guidance in the choice of approaches, data sets and objectives for constructing global models of the terrestrial biosphere. We hoped to provide substantive and concrete assistance in formulating the working plans of IGBP by involving program planners in the development and application of models which were assembled from available data sets and modeling ap proaches. Recent acceptance of the "nASA model" as the starting point for endeavors of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Core Project of the IGBP suggests we were successful in that aim. The objective was implemented by our initiation of a mathematical model of global vegetation, including agriculture, as defined by the forces which control and change vegetation. The model was to illustrate the geographical consequences to vegetation structure and functioning of changing climate and land use, based on plant responses to environmental variables. The completed model was also expected to be useful for examining international environmental policy responses to global change, as well as for studying the validity of IIASA's experimental approaches to environmental policy development.