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André Hoffmann, innovator, researcher and developer, pioneer in the field of optical technologies (photonics), systematically researched the tooth colour and its origin with highest precision (see publication in 2000). This book shows an excerpt of this systematic original research at human teeth and dental shade guides with high-precision measuring systems and high-precision positioning system in vitro. Due to his basic scientific research, he was able to quantify and isolate manifold factors influencing the colour of teeth. These include, for example, the light or measuring light and the type of light (illuminant) and illumination and colour temperature, the optical beam path of the light or the measuring geometry, the observation angle (2°, 10°), the size of the measuring surface, and measuring opening, the gloss, the liquid content (with scientific evidence of the relationship between liquid content and tooth colour), effect of drying, moisture and rehydration, the correlation between the liquid content and the gloss effect, the subjectivity of visual subjective shade matching, crown curvature, type of system (spectrophotometer, tristimulus colorimeter), measuring mode (contact or non-contact), system-object-relation, positioning, repeatability or reproducibility, lens shift, displacement between sample and measuring surface and further intra- and interindividual factors. In addition, subjective-visual determinations and objectified measurements were examined in subjective-objective comparisons using colour coordinates comparisons. All these influencing factors are investigated on moist, drying, drier (various specific dehydration and rehydration states) and dry teeth based on the brightness (L*), on colour measurement values, such as a*, b* (CIELAB), C*, h, (CIELCH), ΔE, on the metamerism index, on spectral values and curves, tabs of dental shade guides and on tooth colour spaces ... As part of this exploration, phenomena (e.g. changes and breaks in behaviour as well as highly individual developments in colour values, paradoxes between the values of subjective determination using shade guides and the values of objective measurements) were identified and insights into the very complex colour dynamics through dehydration and rehydration were shown (up to more than >8 days). The development of the individual colour measurement values was based on the liquid flow through the tooth and its tissues, in particular during drying and rehydration, and gave information about dynamics and the temporal extent of these processes. On the basis of this data, Hoffmann had developed several methods for research and practice, suggestions for feasible innovations, such as monitoring of dental treatment to protect against pulp damage based on drying, and reconstructing the colour of naturally moist teeth on those that have already dried, the identification of the living and the dead, human and animals via the "dental fingerprint" and a novel method of measuring the time of death for forensic medicine. He also described a time limit of drying up to which relatively natural, suitable colour values and shade matching results can be obtained and after which no colour determination should be carried out; and he established the rehydration time after the end of the drying or dental treatment, which must be waited in order to regain a natural tooth colour and to get correct values and results again. His findings also show that teeth are able to store information on, for example, the condition (liquid content, colour values) and the time within the drying and liquid re-absorption chronology. The author articulates a "dental chronometer" ("tooth clock"), "dental data store" ("tooth data store") and a "dental memory" ("tooth memory") and believes that significant progress in this field may include and could be achieved via a neural network for colour measurement apparatus. A book for anyone interested in the natural sciences.
This book presents the state of the art in color science and explains its application to dental structures and materials, using high-quality illustrations to ensure ease of learning. Most people seek a bright smile with a natural appearance. This goal often poses a great clinical challenge for the dentist, and its achievement is dependent on a good knowledge of color science and optical properties relevant to dentistry. Further, if a smile is to be esthetically improved to the patient’s satisfaction, the dentist must be able to extract the best from dental materials and techniques, must understand all aspects of facial harmony, and must communicate effectively with both the patient and lab technicians. All of these aspects are thoroughly explored in the book, with detailed coverage of such topics as visual and instrumental shade matching, color management, and avoidance of complications and pitfalls. Color and Appearance in Dentistry will be of high value to all who are engaged in the daily practice of esthetic dentistry.
Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth encompasses the full scope of acute dental trauma, including all aspects of inter-disciplinary treatment. This fourth edition captures the significant advances which have been made in the subject of dental traumatology, since the publication of the last edition more than a decade ago. The comprehensive nature of the book is designed to appeal to distinguished clinicians and scholars of dental traumatology, whether they be oral surgeons, pediatric dentists, endodontists, or from a related specialist community.
Evidence-Based Orthodontics, Second Edition retains important elements of the First Edition, with several new sections to improve its use as a quick and comprehensive reference. New updated edition of a landmark text that surveys the principles and practice of evidence-based orthodontics Offers practical strategies for professionals to incorporate EBO in their daily practices Presents brief summaries of the best evidence for a wide range of clinical topics Incorporates information from over 400 systematic reviews, listed by topic
Wilkins' Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist, Fourteenth Edition progresses through crucial topics in dental hygiene in a straightforward format to ensure students develop the knowledge and skills they need for successful, evidence-based practice in today's rapidly changing oral health care environment. This cornerstone text, used in almost every dental hygiene education program in the country, has been meticulously updated by previous co-authors, Linda Boyd, and Lisa Mallonee to even better meet the needs of today's students and faculty, while reflecting the current state of practice in dental hygiene. Maintaining the hallmark outline format, the Fourteenth Edition continues to offer the breadth and depth of coverage necessary not only for foundation courses bur for use throughout the entire dental hygiene curriculum.
This book, now in an extensively revised second edition, reviews the evidence relating to the mechanisms, clinical efficacy, safety/toxicity, and clinical application of tooth whitening techniques and materials. All clinical techniques are profusely illustrated step by step. The book is divided into four parts, the first of which explains how tooth whitening with peroxides works and examines the overall safety of peroxides and potential complications. The findings of clinical trials with peroxide-based materials for clinical practice are then examined, with discussion of a wide range of issues in at-home whitening and in-office whitening. The third part focuses on the techniques of enamel microabrasion and resin infiltration, which entail removal of a microscopic layer of enamel and may be used to improve tooth color either alone or in combination with peroxides. The concluding part includes a variety of informative clinical cases using combined bleaching and restorative techniques for discolored teeth. Tooth Whitening — An Evidence-Based Perspective will be of interest for dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, and others with an interest in the subject.
This book is a comprehensive guide to BiodentineTM, an innovative biocompatible and bioactive material based on pure tricalcium silicate that can permanently replace dentin and can also serve as a temporary enamel substitute. Although BiodentineTM has been widely used across the world for the past decade, this is the first book to be devoted to its properties, interactions with the soft and hard tissues, and its multiple clinical applications. The coverage encompasses applications in primary and permanent teeth, in specialties as diverse as restorative dentistry, endodontics, paediatric dentistry, dental traumatology, and prosthetic dentistry. BiodentineTM application both in vital pulp therapy and endodontic procedures is illustrated and clinical step by step protocols are provided. The book provides a detailed update on BiodentineTM use to preserve the pulp vitality in direct/indirect pulp capping, pulpotomy and irreversible pulpitis treatment. It also details BiodentineTM use for non-vital teeth treatment in indications such as root/furcation perforation repair, apexification as well as in regenerative endodontic procedures. BiodentineTM: Properties and Clinical Applications will be a rich source of guidance and information for all dentists as well as dental students and academics.
The growth of implant and fixed prosthodontics practices in dentistry has created a rapidly increasing demand for advanced ceramics and ceramic processes. Innovations in ceramics and ceramic processes are vital to ensure reliable and affordable dental-restoration solutions with aesthetically pleasing outcomes. The work aims to engage the bioceramics and engineering communities to meet the challenges of modern dental restoration using advanced ceramics. Incorporating fundamental science, advanced engineering concepts, and clinical outcomes, the work is suitable for bioceramicists, ceramics manufacturers, dental clinicians and biologists. - State-of-the-art-coverage encompasses bioresorbable ceramics for bone regeneration and bioactivating surfaces of inert, high-strength ceramics for implantation, keeping research knowledge appropriately updated - Discusses transition from the baseline stable and physically stiff ceramics research into engineering of highly coherent laminate composites for prosthetic crowns and bridges - Showcases current feasible techniques for producing, in cost-effective and materials-saving ways, long-lasting individualized ceramic components with biocompatibility, complexity and high precision