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A comprehensive, multi-author treatise on the social insects of the world, with some auxiliary attention to such adjacent topics as subsocial insects and social arachnids. The work is to serve as a very convenient, yet authoritative reference work on the biology and systematics of social insects of the world. This is a project of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (IUSSI), the worldwide organizing body for the scientific study of social insects.
The ant genus Mystrium in the Malagasy region is revised and six new species are described from Madagascar and its surrounding islands. The discovery of the division of females into major and minor forms was the key to solving this omplicated taxonomic puzzle. We found that in some species of Mystrium, major or minor workers develop as reproductives. In Mystrium, morphological comparison among individuals from the same phenotype, not from their reproductive or functional role is important. Here we propose a new taxonomic framework for interesting and mysterious genus. All species are reclassified into three subgroups based on the reproductive function, and innovative pictorial keys to the species for all castes and sexes are developed. The associations between existing names and males are reexamined, and males of eight of the ten Malagasy species are described or redescribed.
This publication is the result of a course on identification of Hymenoptera given three times since 1985 at the Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research. The considerable interest in these courses indicated the need for a comprehensive identification guide to all extant families of Hymenoptera. The main emphasis is on family identification using the keys, which are complemented by family sketches. The sketches include a taxonomic diagnosis to supplement the keys, a summary of the biology, the size and distribution, and important literature references.
Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.