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An indispensable guide for all synthetic chemists who want to learn about the most relevant reactions and reagents employed to synthesize important heterocycles and drugs! The synthesis of natural products, bioactive compounds, pharmaceuticals, and drugs is of fundamental interest in modern organic chemistry. New reagents and reaction methods towards these molecules are being constantly developed. By understanding the mechanisms involved and scope and limitations of each reaction applied, organic chemists can further improve existing reaction protocols and develop novel efficient synthetic routes towards frequently used drugs, such as Aspirin or Penicillin. Applied Organic Chemistry provides a summary of important (name) reactions and reagents applied in modern organic chemistry and drug synthesis. It covers rearrangement, condensation, olefination, metathesis, aromatic electrophilic substitutions, Pd-catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions, multi-component reactions, as well as oxidations and reductions. Each chapter is clearly structured, providing valuable information on reaction details, step-by-step mechanism, experimental procedures, applications, and (patent) references. By providing mechanistic information and representative experimental procedures, this book is an indispensable guide for researchers and professionals in organic chemistry, natural product synthesis, pharmaceutical, and medicinal chemistry, as well as post-graduates preparing themselves for a job in the pharmaceutical industry. Hot Topic: Reviews important classes of organic reactions (incl. name reactions) and reagents in medicinal chemistry. Useful: Provides information on reaction details, common reagents, and functional group transformations used to synthesize natural products, bioactive compounds, drugs, and pharmaceuticals, e.g. Aspirin, Penicillin. Unique: For every reaction the mechanism is explained step by step, and representative experimental procedures are given, unlike most books in this area. User-friendly: Chapters are clearly structured making it easy for the reader to compare different reactions. Applied Organic Chemistry is an indispensable guide for researchers and professionals in organic chemistry, natural product synthesis, pharmaceutical, and medicinal chemistry, as well as post-graduates preparing themselves for a job in the pharmaceutical industry.
Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulphur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure. These structures may comprise either simple aromatic rings or non-aromatic rings. Some examples are pyridine (C5H5N), pyrimidine (C4H4N2) and dioxane (C4H8O2). Many heterocyclic compounds, including some amines, are carcinogenic. This book details the proposed mechanisms of Gewald-like reactions and the wide scope of substituted 2-aminothiophenes for real life applications. Literary information about synthesis methods, structure, physical-chemical and biological properties is summarised, and also information about conversion of adamantyl-1 and adamantyl-2 imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives is given. In addition, 3-acetylindole derivatives have been in the centre of attention of researchers over many years due to the high practical value of these compounds. This book presents a survey of the literature on 3-acetylindoles chemistry and provides useful and up-to-date data for medicinal chemists.
Metal and Nonmetal Assisted Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles provides a useful guide to key approaches being explored in this area. The volume highlights synthetic approaches and catalytic options that facilitate the construction of multiple substituted molecules under mild conditions from easily available starting substrates. Drawing on the experience of its expert author, the book is a useful guide on the key approaches being explored in this area. Following a user-friendly structure based on specific six-membered heterocycle ring groups, this volume highlights synthetic approaches and catalytic options that facilitate the construction of multiple substituted molecules under mild conditions from easily available starting substrates. - Highlights new methodologies for the synthesis of different six-membered heterocycles - Provides an up-to-date overview of this fast-moving field with an easy-to-use structure - Includes novel approaches used in the study and application of catalysts in synthetic organic reactions
A multidisciplinary overview of bio-derived solvent applications, life cycle analysis, and strategies required for industrial commercialization This book provides the first and only comprehensive review of the state-of-the-science in bio-derived solvents. Drawing on their own pioneering work in the field, as well as an exhaustive survey of the world literature on the subject, the authors cover all the bases—from bio-derived solvent applications to life cycle analysis to strategies for industrial commercialization—for researchers and professional chemists working across a range of industries. In the increasingly critical area of sustainable chemistry, the search for new and better green solvents has become a top priority. Thanks to their renewability, biodegradability and low toxicity, as well as their potential to promote advantageous organic reactions, green solvents offer the promise of significantly reducing the pernicious effects of chemical processes on human health and the environment. Following an overview of the current solvents markets and the challenges and opportunities presented by bio-derived solvents, a series of dedicated chapters cover all significant classes of solvent arranged by origin and/or chemical structure. Throughout, real-world examples are used to help demonstrate the various advantages, drawbacks, and limitations of each class of solvent. Topics covered include: The commercial potential of various renewably sourced solvents, such as glycerol The various advantages and disadvantages of bio-derived versus petroleum-based solvents Renewably-sourced and waste-derived solvents in the design of eco-efficient processes Life cycle assessment and predictive methods for bio-based solvents Industrial and commercial viability of bio-based solvents now and in the years ahead Potential and limitations of methodologies involving bio-derived solvents New developments and emerging trends in the field and the shape of things to come Considering the vast potential for new and better products suggested by recent developments in this exciting field, Bio-Based Solvents will be a welcome resource among students and researchers in catalysis, organic synthesis, electrochemistry, and pharmaceuticals, as well as industrial chemists involved in manufacturing processes and formulation, and policy makers.
This book focuses on direct nitrogenation strategies to incorporate one or more N-atoms into simple substrates especially hydrocarbons via C–H and/or C–C bond cleavage, which is a green and sustainable way to synthesize nitrogen-containing compounds. The book consists of seven chapters demonstrating interesting advances in the preparation of amines, amides, nitriles, carbamides, azides, and N-heterocyclic compounds and illustrating the mechanisms of these novel transformations. It offers an accessible introduction to nitrogenation reactions for chemists involved in N-compound synthesis and those interested in discovering new reagents and reactions. Ning Jiao is a Professor of Chemistry at Peking University, China.
With its impressive features, gold has led to completely new reaction types in recent years, which in turn have strongly influenced both organic catalysis and material science. Other fields where a significant amount of new results has been obtained include nanotechnology, self assembly/supramolecular systems and biochemical/medicinal chemistry. As a result, gold is one of the hottest topics in catalysis at the moment, with an increasing amount of research being carried out in this field. While focusing on homogeneous catalysis, this monograph also covers the main applications in heterogeneous catalysis. Following a look at the gold-catalyzed addition of heteroatom nucleophiles to alkynes, it goes on to discuss gold-catalyzed additions to allenes and alkenes, gold-catalyzed benzannulations, cycloisomerization and rearrangement reactions, as well as oxidation and reduction reactions. The whole is finished off with a section on gold-catalyzed aldol and related reactions and the application of gold-catalyzed reactions to natural product synthesis. Of interest to synthetic chemists and inorganic chemists, as well as organic chemists working in homogeneous catalysis, physical and technical chemists.
Most organic reactions have long been carried out in organic solvents without concern for their real necessity, reaction efficiency, and pollution problems. Very recently, we have found that most organic reactions can be carried out in the absence of a solvent, namely, in the solid state. In many cases, the solid-state reaction proceeds more easily and efficiently, and even more selectively than solution reaction. This shows that molecules move easily and selectively in the solid state. This finding changed the classical idea which suggests "molecules do not move and reactions do not occur in the solid state", and opened up a new research field for the study molecular dynamics in the solid state. The organic solid state reactions have many possibilities to be developed. For example, enantioselective reactions can easily be accomplished by carrying out the reaction in an inclusion complex crystal with an optically active host compound. Catalytic reactions also proceed in the solid state. Moreover, the solid-state reactions are more economical and ecologically sound. In the future, pollution-free synthetic procedures in the solid state will become increasingly important, not only in chemical industries but also in university laboratories.
Heterocyclic chemistry is of prime importance as a sub-discipline of Organic Chemistry, as millions of heterocyclic compounds are known with more being synthesized regularly Introduces students to heterocyclic chemistry and synthesis with practical examples of applied methodology Emphasizes natural product and pharmaceutical applications Provides graduate students and researchers in the pharmaceutical and related sciences with a background in the field Includes problem sets with several chapters
This book discusses methods for the assessment of energetic compounds through heat of detonation, detonation pressure, velocity and temperature, Gurney energy and power. The authors focus on the detonation pressure and detonation velocity of non-ideal aluminized energetic compounds. This 2nd Edition includes an updated and improved presentation of simple, reliable methods for the design, synthesis and development of novel energetic compounds.