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We have developed and studied selected properties of a novel type of inorganic-organic hybrid semiconductor materials in order to enhance the functionality over their parent structures. Since inorganic organic hybrid semiconductor materials are composed of both inorganic and organic segments, one may expect them to have the advantage of combining the excellent electrical, optical, thermal and transport properties from the inorganic component with the flexibility, processability and structural diversity from the organic component. As a continuing effort, we have synthesized, modified, and characterized a number of selected structures with potential for solid state lighting applications. For example, we have developed the first inorganic organic semiconductor bulk material, double layered 2D-Cd2Q2(ba)(Q=S, Se), capable of producing direct white light. This type of materials could be promising for use as a single-material white-light-emitting source in white LEDs. Luminescence properties of these hybrid semiconductors can be tuned systematically by changing their composition and doping level. In addition, a thin pellet of one of our hybrid semiconductor materials without any modifications showed low electrical conductivity. Significant improvement may be anticipated with modifications. Solution processed deposition techniques provide great opportunities for optical and optoelectronic devices, such as displays, solid state lighting, and solar cells, because it enables to fabricate flexible devices with low-cost and large area fabrications. Most semiconductors show very low solubility in organic solvents, thus limiting the opportunities to prepare thin films using soluble precursors. In this study, we have developed a simple, efficient, and low-cost solution-processed deposition route to fabricate metal chalcogenide semiconductor thin films by using soluble precursors via a spin-coating technique. Surface morphology was directly influenced by the choice of organic solvents as well as the spin-coating sequences, thus affecting the electrical transport of the films. In the case of hybrid semiconductors, a conducting polymer was employed to help forming more uniform composite films.
Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry.
METAL OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE THIN FILMS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE APPLICATIONS The book provides insight into the fundamental aspects, latest research, synthesis route development, preparation, and future applications of metal oxide nanocomposite thin films. The fabrication of thin film-based materials is important to the future production of safe, efficient, and affordable energy as the devices convert sunlight into electricity. Thin film devices allow excellent interface engineering for high-performance printable solar cells as their structures are highly reliable and stand-alone systems can provide the required megawatts. They have been used as power sources in solar home systems, remote buildings, water pumping, megawatt-scale power plants, satellites, communications, and space vehicles. Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films for Optoelectronic Device Applications covers the basics of advanced nanometal oxide-based materials, their synthesis, characterization, and applications, and all the updated information on optoelectronics. Topics discussed include the implications of metal oxide thin films, which are critical for device fabrications. It provides updated information on the economic aspect and toxicity, with great focus paid to display applications, and covers some core areas of nanotechnology, which are particularly concerned with optoelectronics and the available technologies. The book concludes with insights into the role of nanotechnology and the physics behind photovoltaics. Audience The book will be an important volume for electronics and electrical engineers, nanotechnologists, materials scientists, inorganic chemists in academic research, and those in industries, exploring the applications of nanoparticles in semiconductors, power electronics, and more.
Different semiconducting types are applied in various fields of the semiconductor industry: organic, inorganic and hybrid. Each of these semiconducting types of materials have their own strengths as well as their weakness. Inorganic materials possess low absorption and high carrier mobility while organic materials possess high absorption and low carrier mobility. Inorganic/organic hybrid semiconducting devices take advantage of the mixing of these two types of semiconductors. By building a heterojunction with inorganic and organic materials, the advantages of each individual material is passes onto this new hybrid while cancelling out the disadvantages. In this master thesis, the fabrication procedure and characterization techniques are studied for inorganic, organic and hybrid semiconducting devices. For the inorganic materials, fabrication was performed in the MicroFabrication Facility in order to properly achieve small features in the micrometer range. Device processing was performed to achieve a high-electron mobility transistor using AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/GaN heterostructures. The fabrication procedure involved the defining of features through photolithography, ion mill etching, and electron-beam evaporation. Electrical characterization was performed on both heterostructures to make a comparison. The organic device studied was a photoconductor using the conducting polymer P3HT and an optical and electro-optic comparison was made with the addition of MWCNT into the polymer matrix. A hybrid pn-junction diode was fabricated using P3HT and electrical measurements were performed and analyzed through an equivalent circuit to characterize and compare it to a P3HT:MWCNT active layer for the pn-junction.
Der Herausgeber ist ein bekannter Pionier des Fachgebiets mit über 30 Jahren Erfahrung. Dieses Handbuch bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über transparente leitfähige Materialien und legt dabei den Schwerpunkt auf praktische Anwendungen. Nach einer Einführung in die Materialien und jüngsten Entwicklungen werden die Synthese und Charakterisierung sowie Beschichtungsverfahren erläutert, die für die Energiegewinnung und bei lichtemittierenden Anwendungen häufig zum Einsatz kommen. Zukünftige technologische Fortschritte werden am Ende des Buches erörtert. Dieses umfassende und aktuelle interdisziplinäre Fachbuch deckt das komplette Spektrum ab, von der Chemie und den Materialwissenschaften zum Ingenieurswesen, von Lehre und Forschung bis zur Industrie, von den grundlegenden Herausforderungen hin zu direkt verfügbaren Anwendungen.
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted substantial interest due to their chemical variability, structural diversity and favorable physical properties the past decade. This materials class encompasses other important families such as formates, azides, dicyanamides, cyanides and dicyanometallates. The book summarizes the chemical variability and structural diversity of all known hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites subclasses including halides, azides, formates, dicyanamides, cyanides and dicyanometallates. It also presents a comprehensive account of their intriguing physical properties, including photovoltaic, optoelectronic, dielectric, magnetic, ferroelectric, ferroelastic and multiferroic properties. Moreover, the current challenges and future opportunities in this exciting field are also been discussed. This timely book shows the readers a complete landscape of hybrid organic-inorganic pervoskites and associated multifuctionalities.
This book is a practical guide to optical, optoelectronic, and semiconductor materials and provides an overview of the topic from its fundamentals to cutting-edge processing routes to groundbreaking technologies for the most recent applications. The book details the characterization and properties of these materials. Chemical methods of synthesis are emphasized by the authors throughout the publication. Describes new materials and updates to older materials that exhibit optical, optoelectronic and semiconductor behaviors; Covers the structural and mechanical aspects of the optical, optoelectronic and semiconductor materials for meeting mechanical property and safety requirements; Includes discussion of the environmental and sustainability issues regarding optical, optoelectronic, and semiconductor materials, from processing to recycling.