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Analysis of the legal register of a corpus of some fifty Ramesside royal decrees dating from 1300 to 1100 B.C. in the wider context of forensic discourse analysis of the legislative genre, in an attempt to establish constants in forensic linguistics that span time and space. The general character and formulation of these normative documents reveal a remarkable homogeneity and represent a specific linguistic register that has a common textemic, pragmatic, and narratologic structure, as well as a coherent syntactic and lexico-semantic usage, as modern legal dialects do today. Furthermore, the research tries to enrich the understanding of Egyptian legal terminology and legal categories by a systematic semantic analysis of the classifiers used in the legal lexicon (classifiers in the hieroglyphic system represent iconic elements that have no phonetic value, but assign words to semantic classes). The extremely interesting Egyptian graphic categorization set of classifiers present in these texts offers some invaluable insights into the Egyptian conceptual organization system.
Pursuing the study of legal discourse in ancient Egypt during the well documented 19th and 20th dynasties (circa 1300-1100 B.C.), the book describes the legal language used in recording wills and gifts. It is compared with the language of royal decrees tackled by the author's Syntactic and Lexico- Semantic Aspects of the Legal Register in Ramesside Royal Decrees (previously published in the same collection), and with some examples of legal languages associated with private instruments in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and in modern times. After presentation of the criteria used to establish the corpus and the multiple dilemmas involved, each text is analyzed for its linguistic and graphic features, as well as the lexico-semantic features associated with the categorization system embedded in the script (for terminology of spezial legal relevance). Related textual categories such as partitions, 'social gifts', and contract-related records are dealt with separately as they did not constitute enforceable private law instruments. A distinct Ramesside private deeds register (variety of language distinguished according to use) emerges from the analysis, resulting from choices and strategies adapted to a specific legal topic and communicative purpose.
The first economic history of ancient Egypt employing a New Institutional Economics approach and covering the entire pharaonic period, 3000-30 BCE.
This book outlines the development of the divine classifiers in the Egyptian script system from the beginning of writing to the end of the Old Kingdom. The first part discusses the falcon on the standard and the ways in which ancient Egyptian writing system expressed the idea of divine kingship. The seated bearded man is the focus of the second part, in which the author follows the sign from its first appearance as a classifier of foreign peoples to its identification with the god Osiris. The third part is dedicated to divine markers and the structure of the divine category in the Pyramid Texts. This part surveys the special orthographic constraints of the Pyramid Texts, as well as the evolution of the female divine classifiers. Although the book concentrates on orthographic processes, it takes into account the broader religious context of the Old Kingdom. Hence, the relations between the sun-god Re and the king, as well as the special role of the Great God in the private inscriptions and the appearance of Osiris as a foreigner are also discussed.
This volume addresses the similarities and differences in the role played by law and religion in various societies across the Eastern Mediterranean. Approaching these subjects in an all-encompassing manner, it also looks at the notion of law and religion in this region as a whole, in both the geographical as well as the historical space.
In Orality and Literacy in the Demotic Tales, Jacqueline E. Jay extrapolates from the surviving ancient Egyptian written record hints of the oral tradition that must have run alongside it. The monograph’s main focus is the intersection of orality and literacy in the extremely rich corpus of Demotic narrative literature surviving from the Greco-Roman Period. The many texts discussed include the tales of the Inaros and Setna Cycles, the Myth of the Sun’s Eye, and the Dream of Nectanebo. Jacqueline Jay examines these Demotic tales not only in conjunction with earlier Egyptian literature, but also with the worldwide tradition of orally composed and performed discourse.
Scribal Repertoires in Egypt from the New Kingdom to the Early Islamic Period deals with the possibility of glimpsing pre-modern and early modern Egyptian scribes, the actual people who produced ancient documents, through the ways in which they organized and wrote those documents. While traditional research has focused on identifying a 'pure' or 'original' text behind the actual manuscripts that have come down to us from pre-modern Egypt, the volume looks instead at variation - different ways of saying the same thing - as a rich source for understanding the complex social and cultural environments in which scribes lived and worked, breaking with the traditional conception of variation in scribal texts as 'free' or indicative of 'corruption'. As such, it presents a novel reconceptualization of scribal variation in pre-modern Egypt from the point of view of contemporary historical sociolinguistics, seeing scribes as agents embedded in particular geographical, temporal, and socio-cultural environments. Introducing to Egyptology concepts such as scribal communities, networks, and repertoires, among others, the authors then apply them to a variety of phenomena, including features of lexicon, grammar, orthography, palaeography, layout, and format. After first presenting this conceptual framework, they demonstrate how it has been applied to better-studied pre-modern societies by drawing upon the well-established domain of scribal variation in pre-modern English, before proceeding to a series of case studies applying these concepts to scribal variation spanning thousands of years, from the languages and writing systems of Pharaonic times, to those of Late Antique and Islamic Egypt.
Lotus and Laurel brings together a wealth of essays in celebration of Paul John Frandsen, who has had a distinguished career as a scholar of ancient Egyptian language and religion. The contributors are friends, colleagues, or former students, and all are leading authorities in Egyptology. Evoking Frandsen's wide range of interests, they touch on a breadth of topics, including religious thought and representation; social questions of gender, kinship, and temple slavery; and studies of grammar and etymology. More than a tribute to this important scholar in Egyptology, Lotus and Laurel is a window onto some of the most important work going on now in the field.
Ancient Egyptian Administration provides the first comprehensive overview of the structure, organization and evolution of the pharaonic administration from its origins to the end of the Late Period. The book not only focuses on bureaucracy, departments, and official practices but also on more informal issues like patronage, the limits in the actual exercise of authority, and the competing interests between institutions and factions within the ruling elite. Furthermore, general chapters devoted to the best-documented periods in Egyptian history are supplemented by more detailed ones dealing with specific archives, regions, and administrative problems. The volume thus produced by an international team of leading scholars will be an indispensable, up-to-date, tool of research covering a much-neglected aspect of pharaonic civilization.
The Oxford Handbook of Egyptology offers a comprehensive survey of the entire study of ancient Egypt from prehistory through to the end of the Roman period. It seeks to place Egyptology within its theoretical, methodological, and historical contexts, indicating how the subject has evolved and discussing its distinctive contemporary problems, issues, and potential. Transcending conventional boundaries between archaeological and ancient textual analysis, the volume brings together 63 chapters that range widely across archaeological, philological, and cultural sub-disciplines, highlighting the extent to which Egyptology as a subject has diversified and stressing the need for it to seek multidisciplinary methods and broader collaborations if it is to remain contemporary and relevant. Organized into ten parts, it offers a comprehensive synthesis of the various sub-topics and specializations that make up the field as a whole, from the historical and geographical perspectives that have influenced its development and current characteristics, to aspects of museology and conservation, and from materials and technology - as evidenced in domestic architecture and religious and funerary items - to textual and iconographic approaches to Egyptian culture. Authoritative yet accessible, it serves not only as an invaluable reference work for scholars and students working within the discipline, but also as a gateway into Egyptology for classicists, archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists, and linguists.