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Finalist for the 2022 Cheiron Book Prize​ An Organ of Murder explores the origins of both popular and elite theories of criminality in the nineteenth-century United States, focusing in particular on the influence of phrenology. In the United States, phrenology shaped the production of medico-legal knowledge around crime, the treatment of the criminal within prisons and in public discourse, and sociocultural expectations about the causes of crime. The criminal was phrenology’s ideal research and demonstration subject, and the courtroom and the prison were essential spaces for the staging of scientific expertise. In particular, phrenology constructed ways of looking as well as a language for identifying, understanding, and analyzing criminals and their actions. This work traces the long-lasting influence of phrenological visual culture and language in American culture, law, and medicine, as well as the practical uses of phrenology in courts, prisons, and daily life.
This study concentrates on the social and ideological functions of science during the consolidation of urban industrial society.
The dome of thought is the first study of phrenology based primarily on the popular – rather than medical – appreciation of this important and controversial pseudoscience. With detailed reference to the reports printed in popular newspapers from the early years of the nineteenth century to the fin de siècle, the book provides an unequalled insight into the Victorian public’s understanding of the techniques, assumptions and implications of defining a person’s character by way of the bumps on their skull. Highly relevant to the study of the many authors – Wilkie Collins, Charles Dickens, and George Eliot, among them – whose fiction was informed by the imagery of phrenology, The dome of thought will prove an essential resource for anybody with an interest in the popular and literary culture of the nineteenth century, including literary scholars, medical historians and the general reader.
From the pen of one of Amherst, Massachusetts's most important women comes an intriguing glimpse into the nineteenth century. Twice, Orra White Hitchcock traveled with her husband, Edward, a famous geologist and president of Amherst College. She kept meticulous diary entries of their journeys, observing with wit and frankness the people and places she encountered. Orra writes behind-the-scenes accounts of a scientific conference in Edinburgh and of a visit with some of the century's most notable contemporary scientists in London. She describes in stunning and honest detail Sunday services, an international antiwar congress in Frankfurt, and slavery on the streets of Richmond, Virginia. Because she was an open-minded woman, her pages are rich in entertaining stories of botanical gardens, public entertainments, and the shops of London and Paris. She also indulges the reader with romantic descriptions of memorable landscapes in Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Germany, and Switzerland. Spanning the ocean from America to Europe, Orra's never-before-published travel journals offer a vivid, inside look at one woman's unique experiences in a world moving toward modernity.