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Starting from Sophus Lie, the invariance of a differential equation under its continuous group of symmetries has become a major tool for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in particular, nonlinear ones. The proceedings focus on the application of these techniques to nonlinear partial differential equations. The state of the art in this field is presented clearly in a series of comprehensive lectures. Several lectures on applications point out the physical importance of such methods.
Symplectic geometry, well known as the basic structure of Hamiltonian mechanics, is also the foundation of optics. In fact, optical systems (geometric or wave) have an even richer symmetry structure than mechanical ones (classical or quantum). The symmetries underlying the geometric model of light are based on the symplectic group. Geometric Optics on Phase Space develops both geometric optics and group theory from first principles in their Hamiltonian formulation on phase space. This treatise provides the mathematical background and also collects a host of useful methods of practical importance, particularly the fractional Fourier transform currently used for image processing. The reader will appreciate the beautiful similarities between Hamilton's mechanics and this approach to optics. The appendices link the geometry thus introduced to wave optics through Lie methods. The book addresses researchers and graduate students.
Professor Nicholas N Govorun, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, was the principal organizer of the precedent meetings held at Dubna (1979, 1983, 1985). Unfortunately, he passed away in 1989. This volume is to honor his support in Computer Algebra.This is perhaps the only meeting of the entire soviet union computer algebra community and foreign scientists. The meeting presented scientific results, plans for research facilities, and status reports of the basic areas of investigations. The fields covered include computer algebra systems and general algorithms as well as applied algorithms, programs and results in computer algebra applications (mainly in physics).
This volume continues the series of proceedings of summer schools on theoretical physics related to various aspects of the structure of condensed matter, and to appropriate mathematical methods for an adequate description. Three main topics are covered: (i) symmetric and unitary groups versus electron correlations in multicentre systems; (ii) conformal symmetries, the Bethe ansatz and quantum groups; (iii) paradoxes of statistics, space-time, and time quantum mechanics. Problems considered in previous schools are merged with some new developments, like statistics with continuous Young diagrams, the existence and structure of energy bands in solids with fullerenes, membranes and some coverings of graphite sheets, or vortex condensates with quantum counterparts of Maxwell lows.
Non-linear effects are basically manifested in a variety of physical phenomena such as defect mediated transitions, pattern formation, growth of aggregates, turbulence, chemical reactions, diffusion in porous media, biological information processing, etc. Many non-linear dynamical systems are extremely sensitive to small changes in the initial conditions. Different routes to chaos have been established and a new geometry, called fractal geometry, has been developed. The aim of this School is to review the main achievements of the modern theory of irregular structures and to discuss the exciting new trends in non-linear phenomena.