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A step-by-step guide to the topic with a mix of theory and practice in the fields of biology, chemistry and physics. Straightforward and well-structured, the first chapter introduces fundamental aspects of surface treatments, after which examples from nature are given. Subsequent chapters discuss various methods to surface modification, including chemical and physical approaches, followed by the characterization of the functionalized surfaces. Applications discussed include the lotus effect, diffusion barriers, enzyme immobilization and catalysis. Finally, the book concludes with a look at future technology advances. Throughout the text, tutorials and case studies are used for training purposes to grant a deeper understanding of the topic, resulting in an essential reference for students as well as for experienced engineers in R&D.
Natural fiber composites have experienced a renaissance over the last two decades as a response to societal demands for developing eco-friendly, biodegradable and recyclable materials. They are now being extensively used in everyday products as well as in automotive, packaging, sports and the construction industries. These fibers require surface treatments in order to improve their properties and interfacial bonding with polymer matrices, and to reduce their hydrophilic character. These methods can be grouped into three major categories: chemical, physical and biological. Chemical methods use chemical reagents to reduce fibers' hydrophilic tendency and thus improve compatibility with the matrix. They also expose more reactive groups on the fibre surface to facilitate efficient coupling with the matrix. Physical methods change structural and surface properties of the fiber and thereby influence the interfacial bonding with matrices, without extensively changing the chemical composition of the fibers. They are cleaner and simpler than the chemical methods. Biological methods use biological agents like fungi, enzymes and bacteria to modify the fiber surface properties. These methods are not toxic like chemical methods and are not energy-intensive like physical methods.Surface Treatment Methods of Natural Fibers and their Effects on Biocomposites presents an overview and recent developments of these methods. All the major methods are reviewed, explaining the science and methodology behind each method. The effects of these methods on various properties of fibers and the biocomposites made from these fibers are analyzed in detail.The book will be an essential reference for academic researchers, materials scientists and engineers, postgraduate students and industrial researchers and development scientists and engineers working on natural fibers and biocomposites. - Extensive coverage of all the surface modification methods (chemical, physical, biological) of natural fibers and its effect on properties of produced composites - The chemical mechanisms which are utilized in surface treatments are discussed in detail and how these affect the interfacial properties and characteristics - Systematic and comprehensive review on surface modifications of natural fibres, and explains how the effect of the surface treatment can be characterized and measured, as well as the effect on properties
Understand functional coatings and their role in three key industries of the future Functional coatings play a huge range of roles in industries from automotive to aerospace to electronic and beyond. They offer protection, performance enhancement, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning properties, and more. Recent developments in the field have allowed for ever more precise optimization of functional coatings, with the result that demand for these key tools is only likely to increase. Functional Coatings for Biomedical, Energy, and Environmental Applications offers a comprehensive overview of these coatings and their applications in three explosively productive industries. A team of expert contributors provides chapters analyzing the latest developments in this growing area of production, with a particular focus on the dynamic relationship between functional coatings and their many applications. The result is an interdisciplinary text which will serve as an essential resource for researchers and industry professionals worldwide. Readers will also find: Analysis of functional coatings for dental implants, pool boilers, solar cells, and many more Detailed discussion of coating properties including superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, controlled drug release, and more Key contributions to the great environmental challenges of the twenty-first century This book is a must-own for researchers in chemistry, engineering, energy, materials science, and more, as well as for industry professionals working with coating and other aspects of research and development in biomedical, energy, or environmental industries.
Fractional Operators with Constant and Variable Order with Application to Geo-hydrology provides a physical review of fractional operators, fractional variable order operators, and uncertain derivatives to groundwater flow and environmental remediation. It presents a formal set of mathematical equations for the description of groundwater flow and pollution problems using the concept of non-integer order derivative. Both advantages and disadvantages of models with fractional operators are discussed. Based on the author's analyses, the book proposes new techniques for groundwater remediation, including guidelines on how chemical companies can be positioned in any city to avoid groundwater pollution. - Proposes new aquifer derivatives for leaky, confined and unconfined formations - Presents useful aids for applied scientists and engineers seeking to solve complex problems that cannot be handled using constant fractional order derivatives - Provides a real physical interpretation of operators relevant to groundwater flow problems - Models both fractional and variable order derivatives, presented together with uncertainties analysis
A comprehensive and multidisciplinary review of the fundamental concepts and medical applications of nanomaterials development technology Nanomedicine offers a range of multi-interdisciplinary approaches and brings together the field of chemistry, pharmaceutical science, biology, and clinical medicines by focusing on design and preparation of biodegradable or non-biodegradable biomaterials for their biological, medical, and pharmaceutical applications. Nanomaterials in Advanced Medicine reviews the concepts and applications of the combination of the technology of biology and engineering that are emerging as an integral aspect of today?s advanced medicine. Nanomedicine provides the technology for imaging, cancer treatment, medical tools, bone treatment, drug delivery, diagnostic tests, drug development, angiogenesis and aims to exploit the improved and often novel physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials at the nanometer scale. Designed to provide a broad survey of the field, Nanomaterials in Advanced Medicine is divided into three main sections: Nanophysics, Nanochemistry, and Nanomedicine. Each chapter describes in detail the most current and valuable methods available and contains numerous references to the primary literature. This important book: -Offers a field guide for biologists and physicians who want to explore the fascinating world of nanotechnology -Contains a comprehensive review of the topic from a noted expert in the field -Includes an introduction to nanotechnology and explores the synthesis, structure and properties of various types of nanobiomaterials -Bridges the gap between various aspects of nanomaterials? development technology and their applications Written for pharmaceutical chemists, biotechnologists, life scientists, materials scientists, polymer chemists, and biochemists, Nanomaterials in Advanced Medicine provides a must-have guide to the fundamental concepts and current applications of nanomaterials in the medical field.
The surface of materials is routinely exposed to various environmental influences. Surface modification presents a technological challenge for material scientists, physicists, and engineers, particularly when those surfaces are subjected to function within human body environment. This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the major issues and topics dealing with interaction of soft living matter with the surface of implants. Fundamental scientific concepts are embedded through experimental data and a broad range of case studies. First chapters cover the basics on biocompatibility of many different thin films of metals, alloys, ceramics, hydrogels, and polymers, following with case studies dealing with orthopedic and dental coatings. Next, a novel and low-cost coating deposition technique capable of production of several types of nanostructures is introduced through simple calculations and several illustrations. Moreover, chapter 6 and 7 present important topics on surface treatment of polymers, which is a subject that has seen many developments over the past decade. The last chapters target mainly the applications of coatings in biology such as in bio-sensing, neuroscience, and cancer detection. With several illustrations, micrographs, and case studies along with suitable references in each chapter, this book will be essential for graduate students and researchers in the multidisciplinary field of bio-coatings.
This new book focuses on eco-friendly nanohybrid. It clearly summarizes the fundamentals and established techniques of synthesis and processing of eco-friendly nanohybrid materials to provide a systematic and coherent picture of synthesis and the processing of nanomaterials. The research on nanotechnology is evolving and expanding very rapidly. Nanotechnology represents an emerging technology that has the potential to have an impact on an incredibly wide number of industries, such as the medical, environmental, and pharmaceutical industries. There is a growing need to develop environmentally friendly processes for corrosion control that do not employ toxic chemicals. This book helps to fill this need. This volume is a comprehensive compilation of several trending research topics, such as fouling, energy-storing devices, water treatment, corrosion, biomaterials, and high performance materials. The topics are approached in an encompassing manner, covering the basics and the recent trends in this area, clearly defining the problems and suggesting potential solutions. Topics in the book include: Synthesis of complex polymer intermediates Synthesis of nanoparticles and nanofibers Binding interaction between nano- and micromaterials Fabrication of polymer nanocomposites Making of functionally terminated nanohybrid coatings Development of corrosion resistant coatings Antifouling coatings Bioceramic materials Materials for therapeutic and aesthetic applications Eco-Friendly Nano-Hybrid Materials for Advanced Engineering Applications will benefit a wide variety of those in this field, including: Shipping and coating industries encountering fouling problems Innovators in the field of energy storage and electrical equipment Developers of efficient water treatment systems Biomedical industries looking for novel bio-compatible materials Industries seeking high performance epoxy-based materials needed for specific applications
The book explores the pertinent aspects of sustainability of green and eco-friendly composites including their development methods and processing, characterization, properties, and applications. Significance for the design and engineering of high-performance green and eco-friendly composites is discussed in the present book. Insights on a wide spectrum of potential advanced applications ranging from automotive and aerospace to biomedical and packaging, etc. using these are highlighted. Further, it discusses life cycle and carbon footprint assessment of sustainable materials. Features: Explores different processing methods of green and eco-friendly composites Discusses development and optimization of green nanocomposites for sustainable manufacturing Collates modern green and eco-friendly composites research from theory to application Covers hybridization of reinforced fibers on the performance of green and eco-friendly composites Analyzes and discusses calculation of carbon footprint and Life Cycle Assessment of composites This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science and engineering, sustainable materials, composites, and nanomaterials.
Microfluidics for Cellular Applications describes microfluidic devices for cell screening from a physical, technological and applications point-of-view, presenting a comparison with the cell microenvironment and conventional instruments used in medicine. Microfluidic technologies, protocols, devices for cell screening and treatment have reached an advanced state but are mainly used in research. Sections break them down into practical applications and conventional medical procedures and offers insights and analysis on how higher resolutions and fast operations can be reached. This is an important resource for those from an engineering and technology background who want to understand more and gain additional insights on cell screening processes. - Outlines the major applications of microfluidic devices in medicine and biotechnology - Assesses the major challenges of using microfluidic devices in terms of complexity of the control set-up, ease of use, integration capability, automation level, analysis throughput, content and costs - Describes the major fabrication techniques for assembling effective microfluidic devices for bioapplications