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GAO discussed the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) efforts to foster development of innovative technologies used for Superfund and hazardous waste cleanup initiatives, focusing on: (1) whether EPA has demonstrated and selected innovative technologies for Superfund site cleanups; (2) barriers and solutions to innovative technology development and use; and (3) the EPA response to previous recommendations. GAO noted that: (1) the EPA Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (SITE) has initiated 71 of 117 field demonstrations designed to evaluate selected technologies; (2) the number of SITE field demonstrations has increased annually; (3) although the number of innovative technologies selected for use has increased annually, EPA has completed only 11 remedial cleanup actions; (4) innovative technology barriers include the lack of adequate and timely EPA site cleanup assessments, the inability to match new technologies with specific site requirements, the lack of reliable cost and efficacy data, and burdensome EPA policies, regulations, and permit requirements; and (5) despite recent EPA initiatives in response to previous recommendations, EPA lacks a systematic strategy for identifying and prioritizing cleanup technology and research needs and targeting solicitations to meet specific technology development needs.
Most books on ground water and soil cleanup address only the technologies themselvesâ€"not why new technologies are or are not developed. Innovations in Ground Water and Soil Cleanup takes a holistic approach to the entire field, addressing both the sluggish commercial development of ground water and soil cleanup technologies and the attributes of specific technologies. It warns that, despite cleanup expenditures of nearly $10 billion a year, the technologies remain rudimentary. This engaging book focuses on the failure of regulatory policy to link cleanup with the financial interests of the company responsible for the contamination. The committee explores why the market for remediation technology is uniquely lacking in economic drivers and why demand for innovation has been so much weaker than predicted. The volume explores how to evaluate the performance of cleanup technologies from the points of view of the public, regulators, cleanup entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders. The committee discusses approaches to standardizing performance testing, so that choosing a technology for a given site can be more timely and less contentious. Following up on Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup (NRC, 1994), this sequel presents the state of the art in the cleanup of various types of ground water and soil contaminants. Strategies for making valid cost comparisons also are reviewed.
This report identifies what the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has done to encourage the development and use of alternative or "innovative " technologies at all contaminated sites, including those with PCBs and dioxins; whether EPA has identified innovative technologies that can be used at PCB- and dioxin-contaminated sites; and what factors have limited the use of innovative technologies at PCB- and dioxin-contaminated sites. 4 charts, tables and graphs.