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This report summarizes information on refractory composites for use above 2500 F, as presented at the Seventh Meeting of the Refractory Composites Working Group, held March 12-14, 1963. Reports presented at the meeting were concerned with pro tective coatings, insulating ceramics, materials for rocket thrust chambers, dispersion strength ening of metals, joining of refractory materials, and testing techniques. Emphasis in the field of coatings for refractory metals has shifted from the rudiments of developing oxidation-resistant coatings to improvement and advanced evaluation of coatings to predict their utility for re-entry vehicles. (Author).
This memorandum summarizes information on refractory materials and composites that was presented at the Twelfth Meeting of the Refractory Composites Working Group in Denver, Colorado, on October 17-19, 1966. The memorandum is based on 38 papers that were presented at the meeting. They are reviewed and discussed briefly within the framework of the following four broad areas: materials technology, process technology, specific hardware applications and tests, and evaluation techniques. Included in the section on materials technology are discussions dealing with bulk refractory materials, coated systems, and fiber-reinforced composites. The section on process technology discusses cladding and general fabrication processes. The specific hardware applications and tests cover rocket-motor components, and jet-engine components. The section on evaluation techniques cover thermal, rain erosion, and wear testing. (Author).
Four coating processes have been scaled up to coat components of aerospace vehicles: (1) slurry, (2) atmospheric-pressure pack cementa tion, (3) vacuum pack cementation, and (4) fluidized bed. The principal advantage of the slurry process is its ability to coat limited access areas such as the interior channels of built-up corrugated panels. This makes the process ideal for coating spot-welded corrugated panels after they have been welded. The other three coating processes, which are vapor-deposi tion processes, are not so suitable for coating limited-access areas. When they are used for parts such as built-up corrugated panels, the individual parts (including rivets) are coated, then riveted together, and then the entire assembly is recoated. This shortcoming is off set by the fact that the coatings applied by the vapor-deposition processes are more protective at higher temperatures than are the slurry coatings.
This report describes the evaluation of candidate materials systems for high temperature service and is presented in two separate parts: the first pertains to the development of laboratory tests for the evaluation of refractory alloy coatings; the second, to the arc-plasma-jet evaluation of ablative materials, impregnated porous ceramics, refractory composites, and sprayed ceramic coatings. Part I describes analytical and experimental approaches leading to the development of an orderly series of tests designed to characterize the oxidation behavior of refractory alloy coatings and to determine their influence upon the physical and mechanical properties of the base metal. Part II describes the screening of 78 different high temperature materials with an arc-plasma-jet testing facility. The systems evaluated fell into four general categories: ablative materials, impregnated porous ceramics, refractory composites, or sprayed ceramic coatings. Testing procedures were adjusted for each class of materials to emphasize particular performance characteristics. (Author).
Although a considerable amount of information concerning the applications for arc plasmas in the materials sciences is available, it is contained in literally thousands of separate manuals, technical notes, textbooks, and government and industrial reports. Each source generally deals with only one specific application or, at best, a narrow range of utilization. This book was developed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date compilation of information in the technology of arc plasma utilization. The book is divided into two general categories: flame spraying and materials evaluation. In the flame spraying section a comprehensive review of the plasma spraying process is presented. The design and operation of plasma spraying equipment are described. Included are a description of the nature of a plasma, and the design and operation of plasma generators, powder feed systems and accessory control equip ment. The general process procedures, and associated process variables are de scribed. Particular emphasis is given to the particle heating process and the mechanisms for adherence and cohesion of coatings. Competitive flame spraying equipment is also detailed (combustion process, detonation and electric arc) and compared with the plasma spray process. A discussion and compilation of flame sprayed ceramic and metal materials, their properties and applications are also included.
To aid in quick identification and easy location of specific technical data and information in the various reports and memoranda which have been prepared and distributed by the Defense Metals Information Center, as well as by DMIC's forerunner, the Titanium Metallurgical Laboratory, a classification by major subject matter was prepared. The classification covers reports through DMIC Report 193 and memoranda through DMIC Memorandum 183. (Author).