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A data collection form was developed for use in compiling information in the inventory. Information sources included files on subsidence, state and county highway departments, county agents and executives, soil conservation service representative, etc. Data obtained included location, date of occurrence, number of subsidence features at the reported site, size, topographic setting, geologic setting, and probable causative factors. The regional inventory obtained information on over 300 historic subsidence events at more than 200 sites in East Tennessee. Areas having the greatest areal density of active subsidence include Hamblen, Jefferson, and Loudon Counties. Reported subsidence events occurred between 1945 and 1986. The Knox Group dolomites account for about two-thirds of all reported sinkholes in the inventory. Most of the karst activity occurs in valleys or flat areas. In cases where causative factors could be established, the combination of surface water drainage alteration or impoundment combined with soil disturbance associated with construction activity were most often precursors to subsidence. 54 refs., 10 figs., 4 tabs.
This two-volume encyclopedia provides the science behind such heart-pumping geophysical hazards as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, and floods, as well as authoritative entries on notable natural disasters around the world and the agencies that help those they impact. Natural Hazards and Disasters explores the sometimes harsh effects of nature on human life. The set discusses the physical science behind specific types of hazards and disasters (such as blizzards and tsunamis), their impact on our lives, how damage is mitigated or prevented, recovery and reconstruction, and the current research and technology used for managing or even eliminating the hazards. Written by experts in the field, the set also explores a variety of extreme events from around the world, including the 2010–2011 Christchurch Earthquakes (New Zealand), the 2017–2018 Thomas Fire (United States), and the 2018 Kerala Floods (India). Also covered are the world's major international and nonprofit aid agencies, like the Salvation Army and Oxfam, that assist disaster victims.
See journals under US Geological survey. Circular 968.
"Sinkholes and Subsidence" provides a twenty-first century account of how the various subsidence features in carbonate and evaporite rocks cause problems in development and construction in our living environment. The authors explain the processes by which different types of sinkholes develop and mature in karst terrains. They consider the various methods used in site investigations, both direct and indirect, to locate the features associated with these hazards and risks, highlighting the value of hazard mapping. Various ground improvement techniques and the special types of foundation structures which deal with these problems are covered in the second half of the text. This book is supplemented with a wealth of actual case studies and solutions, written by invited experts.
Geologists and geographers study how to develop how and where karst develops and how sinkholes form, but engineers must use this information to develop karst terrane. Over the past ten years, these multidisciplinary conferences on the applied aspects of karst hydrogeology and engineering have been successful in bringing together engineers, geologists, other scientists and government regulators who must safely establish human infrastructure on karst terrane whilst protecting the environment. The essences of these conferences has always been communciation between geologists and engineers with an emplasis on practical applications and case studies. This text contains the proceedings of the fifth conference on karst geohazards. It presents 65 papers that cover topics such as: groundwater contamination through sinkholes and the karst surface; stormwater drainage and flooding problems; and foundation considerations and improvements in karst.